Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain

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 Pain is universally understood as a signal of disease and is the most common symptom about a disease. Modern clinical medicine and traditional medicine share common goals of alleviating pain and eliminating the causes of pain. Unfortunately, pharmaceutical drugs especially opioid analgesics often cause serious short- and long-term side-effects. As a result, more and more patients are turning to herbal medicine as their primary, complementary or alternative treatment for pain. Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) possesses phenolic diterpenes, such as carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmanol, epi- and isorosmanol and the phenolic rosmarinic acid for its pharmacological effects,including antiinflammatory and analgesic activity. Thus, the antinociceptive effects of Rosemary may be mediated by its phenolic component,especially rosmarinic acid and the antinociceptive activity of it acts on both central and peripheral nervous system. Results indicate that the antinociceptive effect of Rosemary may be mediated by opioidergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms; γ-Aminobutyric  acid  (GABA)  is  the  primary inhibitory  neurotransmitter  in  the  mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Rosemary by suppressing the formation of prostaglandins has anti-inflammatory effects. Antinociceptive action of Nigella sativa (Black cumin) is mediated by mechanisms of direct stimulation of opioid receptors located in the central nervous system and its inhibitory effect on the inflammatory mediators. the analgesic activity of Black cumin might be due to the presence of tannins and flavanoids in the extract as these are also believed to possess analgesic properties.

Keywords: Pain, Rosmarinus officinali, Nigella sativa, traditional medicine.

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