Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain

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Background and aim: One of the most common clinical symptoms is pain. Nurses as the key people who have the most communication with patients pain assessment and control, comfort providing and discomfort preventing are their important responsibilities. This study aimed to determine the impact of the nurse-patient communication skills training on pain reducing of patients. Methods and Material: An experimental study was carried out by random selection of 30 nurses who have worked in the Medical and surgical ward of Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad city. A two-day workshop based on Nurse-Patient communication training for 8hours was held for the nurses. The data collection tools were the demographic information, paying attention to communication and control of pain questionnaires which were filled out by the nurses and 3 patients per nurse before and 4 weeks after the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and using analytical statistics. Findings: The nurse–patient communication scores were 21/6± 5/95 pre-training and 35/7 ± 4/11 post- training the attention to pain mean scores were 13/8± 0/35 pre-training and 19/5±2/57 post-training which there were different significantly (p<0.001) from the nurses perspective. The mean score of nurse's communication to patients were 21/3± 5/78 post- training and 35/9±4/09 post- training the paying attention to pain mean score was 15/4± 3/76 pre-training and 27/2±3/01 post- training that there were different significantly as well (p<0.001). Conclusion: Communication skills training and establishing nurse–patient communication reduces the patient's pain therefore, it's essential that nursing managers and nursing education administrators consider to the nurse's communication skills improvement.

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Aims and background : Cancer pain is a major problem for the health care providers. One of the most important aspects of cancer pain is palliative care management.  Recently, different research finding shows the efficacy of opioid analgesics such as fentanyl transdermal patch in chronic pain management.Transdermal Fentanyl patches may cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, itching, life-threatening or serious breathing difficulties and diarrhea,  mainly during the first 72 hours of patient’s treatment initiation and any time when the drug’s dose is increased.

Case report:  We report three cases of severe diarrhea associated with Fentanyl patches during the first 72 hours of patient’s treatment, however no other common side effect of this drug was observed in these patients.

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Aim: This study was performed to compare the analgesic effects between Morphine-Apotel and Ketorolac alone with Intravenous patient control analgesia in patients with lower extremities fracture candidate for plating surgery. Method : This double-blind clinical trial, was carried out on 110 Patients ,aged 18 to 50, with lower extremities fracture who were candidate for plating surgery in emamreza hospital in 1394. Patients were randomly divided to Morphine-Apotel ( A) or “Ketorolac” (B) Group Percutaneous control intravenous anesthesia was administered for patients after 15 minutes entry in the recovery .A Questionnaire containing demographic informations , drug groups and degree of pain measured with “Visual Analogue Scale” 0 ,6 and 12 hours after surgery, were recorded for all patients. Results: 73.6% 0f patients were men whereas 26.4%were female. The most common site for fracture was the femoral bone. (16.4%) Mean age in candidates were 38.8±15.48. According to our findings the degree of pain significantly decreased from the first hour to 12 hours after surgery, in both groups.( Pvalue<0.05) Comparing pain levels at different times after surgery, 0 and 6 hours,6 and 12 hours and also 0 and 12 hours ,showed significant differences in both groups.

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 Aims and background: Recognizing the variable mediating role of openness to experience in the relationship between pain self-efficacy predictors variables, pain management strategies and resiliency with variables of pain perception criteria in chronic pain patients. Materials and methods: In this fundamental and descriptive-correlational study, 340 chronic pain patients were hospitalized in all hospitals in Tehran, including public and private hospitals, general and specialized centers and clinics, as well as medical centers provided by the sampling method of access available. The tools used in the Big Five Personality Examination, NEO-PI R, Pain Self-Efficacy Test, Pain Management Strategies Test, Resiliency Test, Chest Pain Perception Test, West Yon Yale. The data obtained using the least squared structural equation Minority and path analysis were analyzed in the smart PLS software. Findings: The results of the study, openness to experience, have a full mediator role in the relationship between self-efficacy and perception of pain. Openness to experience has a mediator role in the relationship between pain management and pain perception. Openness to experience has a partial mediator role in the relationship between resilience and pain perception. The strongest mediator role in the above model relates to the role of mediating openness to experience in the relationship between self-efficacy and perception of pain. Conclusion: The openness of the experience, the strong mediator of pain self efficay, the pain management strategy, persistence with the perception of pain in chronic patients. Openness to experience in a person with chronic pain affects perception of a person’s pain.

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 Aims and background:  The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on pain acceptance and self-efficacy pain in spinal column surgery patients who were referred to Milad hospital. Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study with pre and post test control group design was used, 96 peopel who were qualified according to inclusive criteria have been chosen among the men whoeme undrewent spinal surgery by convenient method.Therfore 45 male subjects were chosen randomly and  assigned to two experimental and control groups (each with 15peopel).First group recevied acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and second learned shema therapy and control group had no learning.This  study was to analyze the data from the test ANCOVA. Findings: Result showed the efficacy of both acceptance and commitment therapy  and  schema therapy based on reducing amount pain and increase self-efficacy. Conclusions: The results revealed that schema therapy  focuses on the challenge and cognition and acceptance and commitment therapy focuses on the process to creat positive and appropriate changes in patients  whome underwnt surgical procedure.

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 Aims and background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of schema therapy on Pain
Acceptance, Pain Self-Efficacy, pain intensity and emotion regulation in spinal column surgery patients
suffering from pain in Milad hospital.
Materials and Methods: In this study semi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design was used,
96 male peopel who were eligible for inclusion criteria and underwent spinal surgery assigned to experimental
and control groups by chance and the experimental ones received interventional therapy. This study was to
analyze the data from the test ANCOVA.
Results: Results showed that schema therapy is effective and ipmroved Pain Acceptance and Pain Self-
Efficacy and reducing amount of pain Intensity and emotion management.
Conclusion: The results revealed that schema therapy focuses on challenge and change process to create
improvement and is appropriate for post operation pain management in patients with such a surgeries . According
to the result of this study the schema therapy can be used as secondary prevention of pain consequences in these
patients.

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 Aims and background: Living with the chronic pain of inflammatory bowel disease requires considerable
emotional pressure, as pain reduces a person’s emotional abilities so the aim of this study was to explain the
Structural model of relationships between family communication patterns and quality of life in patients with
inflammatory bowel disease with the pain perception.
Materials and Methods: The research method is cross-sectional correlation using structural equation modeling.
The statistical population of this study consisted of all people with inflammatory bowel disease in Isfahan in 1399,
from which 331 people were selected by convenience sampling. In this study of family communication model
tools, quality of life of inflammatory bowel patient, McGill pain perception were used. Lisrel-V8.8 software were
used to analyze the data.
Results: Findings showed that family communication patterns through pain perception have an indirect and
significant effect on the quality of life of inflammatory bowel patients. The research findings also showed that
the communication component of dialogue has a positive effect on quality of life and negative effect on pain
perception and the compliance component has a negative effect on quality of life positive effect on pain perception.
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be said that pain perception plays an important role in the quality of life
of inflammatory bowel patients, therefore paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing
more appropriate treatments helps researchers and therapists.
 

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Abstract
Objective: The  aim  of this   study was to compare the effectiveness of  acceptance and   commitment  therapy   And   schema   therapy   on   pain intensity     and   emotion  regulation  in spinal column surgery patients    suffering   from pain in   milad hospital.
 Method: In this semi-experimental  study  with  pretest-posttest  control group  design  was used, 96peopel who were given a diagnosis  of about them ,were assigned to two experimental and control groups. this  study  was to analyze the data from the test   ANCOVA.
Results: Results   showed   that    acceptance   and  commitment  therapy   and   schema therapy    based on  reducing amount pain and  emotion management.
Conclusion: The results revealed that  schema  therapy   focuses on the challenge  and  cognitive  and    acceptance  and  commitment   therapy   focuses on the change  process to create positive change  and  appropriate  in patients  with pain and  surgery  used.

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Aims and background: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance & commitment therapy on intensity of pain experience & life satisfaction of patients with epilepsy.
Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow up control group design. The statistical population of the research consisted of all men with epilepsy in Tabriz who were members of the Epilepsy Society of this city in 2022. 30 people were randomly selected into two groups (15 people each) by following the criteria for entering and leaving the research and using the purposeful sampling method. The members of the experimental group received acceptance and commitment-based therapy in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; but the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test.
Results: In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of the acceptance & commitment therapy for intensity of pain experience (76.93±4.49) and for life satisfaction (40.40±3.85), and in the control group for intensity of pain experience ( 78.27±4.14) and for life satisfaction (40.60±3.52) (P>0.05). Acceptance & commitment therapy, compared to the control group, the intensity of pain experience (78.27±4.14) and life satisfaction (78.27±4.14) of patients with epilepsy decreased and increased respectively in the post-test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of treatment on the intensity of pain experience and life satisfaction was lasting (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has reduced the intensity of pain experience and increased life satisfaction of patients with epilepsy.
 

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ABSTRACT Aims and background: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotionfocused therapy on life satisfaction & intensity of pain experience of patients with epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow-up control group design. The statistical population of the research consisted of all women suffering from chronic headache in Tabriz city in 2023. 30 people were randomly were placed into two experimental and control groups (15 people each) by following the criteria for entering and leaving the research and using the purposeful sampling method. The members of the experimental group received emotion-focused therapy in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; but the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test. Results: In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of the emotion-focused therapy for life satisfaction (135.00±6.16) and for intensity of pain experience (8.93±1.03), and in the control group for life satisfaction (133.73±6.94) and for intensity of pain experience (8.20±0.94) (P>0.05). Emotion-focused therapy, compared to the control group, the life satisfaction (141.60±5.80) and intensity of pain experience (5.87±1.76) of women with chronic headaches increased and decreased respectively in the post-test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of treatment on the life satisfaction and intensity of pain experience was lasting (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that emotion-focused therapy has increased life satisfaction and reduced the intensity of pain experience of women with chronic headaches.