Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain

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Aims and Background: Non-specific low back pain has direct impact on quality of life, active days at work and healthcare cost. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between lumbar lordosis and lumbar range of motion with non-specific low back pain.

Methods and Materials: 50 students of kharazmi University (mean age :24 years, mean weight: 75.72 kg, mean height :180.5 cm ,and mean BMI :22.33) took part in this study as subjects. They were divided to 3 groups according to the severity of low back pain which was measured by Oswestry questionnaire. Some of the anthropometric characteristics of subjects such as length of lower extremity and width of pelvic girdle were measured by body composition analyzer system and some other anthropometric instruments. For measuring the angle of lumbar lordosis and lumbar range of motion , we used the Spinal Mouse System.

Findings: The result showed that there was not any significant relationship between anthropometric and individual characteristics and lumbar lordosis with severity of low back pain (p<0.05). According to our results, it has been revealed that there is a negative relationship between lumbar range of motion and severity of low back pain (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible that decreased lumbar range of motion may increase the risk of low back pain.

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Aim and Background: There is little doubt that patients with low back pain (LBP) use their body differently in comparison with healthy individuals. The purpose of this review was to investigate changes in biomechanical perspective which may be present in athletes with LBP. Methods and Materials: TThe search strategy for this review consisted of an electronic database search of full text in PUBMED database. Findings: From 461 records that were initially identified through the PUBMED database, 28 studies met the eligibility criteria, most of which were cross-sectional in nature. The studies demonstrate that athletes with LBP exhibit a range of biomechanical perspective changes in the trunk, lumbar spine, pelvis and lower extremities. However, inconsistencies were apparent between the results. Conclusions: Athletes with LBP demonstrate some biomechanical perspective changes during sport specific and non-sport specific functions. More studies, especially large prospective studies which control for non-mechanical factors are required to determine the relationship between LBP and biomechanical perspective changes in athletes.

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 Aims and background: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is the most common ligament injury of the lower limb that necessitates reconstruction as a proper treatment approach. It is now up to the researchers to ask, are the altered kinematic patterns in the lower limbs corrected by this reconstruction? The present study aims to analyze the range of motion and angular velocity of the lower limb joints in patients with reconstructed Anterior cruciate ligaments during landing. Materials and Methods: 20 male subjects who participated voluntarily were divided into 2 groups. One group consisted of healthy subjects (control) the other of patients with reconstructed Anterior cruciate ligament (experimental). They were evaluated in 3 assignments: landing from a box, a vertical jump-landing, and a jump from an obstacle-landing. 3-Dimensional kinematics of the range of motion and angular velocity of the lower limb joints were recorded using 4 cameras and processed by visual 3D software. Findings: In the sagittal plane, the experimental group’s knee and hip joints range of motion was less than the control group (p=0.00) The ankle joint  was more (p≤0.05) than the control group. In per 3 planes, the experimental group’s ankle and knee joints angular velocity was lower than the control group. The hip joint was higher than the control group (p≤0.05). In most cases, both variables showed the smallest value in the landing from the box task and the highest value in the jump from obstacle-landing task (p≤0.05). conclusion: During complex tasks such as landing, patients exhibit altered kinematic patterns that are followed by compensatory mechanisms in adjacent joints. These altered patterns will persist for at least 2 years after the Anterior cruciate ligament is reconstructed. These patients, in the absence of care, are at risk for Anterior cruciate ligament re-injury and prone to develop knee osteoarthritis in future.

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 Aims and background: Muscle trigger points are one of the main sites of chronic pain in the musculoskeletal system. The activity of the trigger points of the quadrates lamborum muscles are a very common cause of low back pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Physical therapy with and without Positional Release Techniques on the pain, disability and range of motion of patients with chronic low back pain. Materials and methods: The target population was people who had chronic back pain in the trigger points in the lumbar muscles. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received Physical therapy with Positional Release Techniques and the second group, received only standard Physical therapy. Each group received 12 sessions of treatment over a period of three weeks. Pain was assessed before and after treatment by a Visual analogue scale (VAS) and the OSWESTRY disability questionnaire. Range of motion at the waist was evaluated by Schuber’s adjusted test both before and 48 hours after treatment. ANOVA with repeated measures was employed for data analyses and the results were considered significant if p<0.05. Findings: There was a significant difference in pain severity, the disability index and lumbar range of motion after intervention in both groups compared to pre-therapy levels. (P >0.005). Analysis of the two different treatment groups also showed there was a significant difference in the severity of pain, the disability index and lumbar range of motion (P >0.005), improvements that were achieved in the Physical therapy with Positional Release Technique group compared to the physical therapy alone group. Conclusion: Physical therapy in two situations with and without Positional Release Technique is effective in reducing pain and improving the lumbar motion in patients with chronic low back pain. Physical therapy combined with Positional Release Technique was more effective in reducing pain, the disability index and increasing the lumbar range of motion compared with the standard Physical therapy group.

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 Aims and background: With respect to the prevalence of ankle injuries due to the decrease in range of motion of dorsiflexion, and to the lack of proper function in foot and/or lack of balance among basketball players, utilizing exercise plans is of great importance. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of thera-band exercises on the range of motion on pain, dynamic balance, and function in amateur teenage basketball players suffering from ankle dorsiflexion limitation. Materials and methods: Thirty teenage basketball players aged between 12 and 17 suffering from ankle dorsiflexion limitation participated in this quasi-experimental study, and were assigned to experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). Evaluation of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, dynamic balance, function, and pain were conducted using lunge test with weight bearing, Y test, v-cut test, and VAS test respectively. The participants in experimental group performed thera-band exercises for eight weeks, three thirty-minute sessions each week. Findings: The results of the statistical tests showed that thera-band exercises have positive effects on pain, dorsiflexion range of motion, dynamic balance, and function of teenage basketball players suffering from dorsiflexion limitation, and it significantly increases range of motion, balance, function, and pain reduction in ankle (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Adding thera-band exercises to the common sets of exercises of teenage basketball players may result in more balance and range of motion of the ankle, and improvement in function, which would prevent ankle injuries.

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Aims and background: Chronic nonspecific neck pain considered as a common problem which most of the
time comes with changes in sensorimotor functions, beside high financial expense, its accompany with pain and
personal concerns in society. The purpose of this research was to study and compare the effect and maintenance
of breath training with and without yoga on Pain, range of motion and quality of life in women with chronic
nonspecific neck pain.
Materials and methods: The present study was a quasi - experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a
control group. For this purpose, 45 women (40 to 50 years old) with chronic non-specific neck pain and fulfilled
the inclusion criteria has been selected by convenience sampling in 3 equal groups of 15 patients (randomly). Then
two experimental groups performed the training protocol. The protocol was eight weeks of 45minute exercise
program, three sessions per week, of breath training with yoga, breath training. In order to assess pain, range of
motion and quality of life of subject, visual analogue scale, Universal Goniometer and whoqol-brief questionnaire
was used. All variables were measured one week prior to the study, before, and immediately after the intervention
and four weeks afterwards. After data collection, for data analysis Repeated measure ANOVA was applied at the
significant level of (p≤0/05).
Results: The findings of this study showed that both breath training with yoga and breath training has significant
effect on pain, range of motion and quality of life of subject women with chronic non-specific neck pain(P≤0.05).
Conducting a between-group comparison also showed that the pain, range of motion and quality of life variables
had the highest variation, which was related to the breath training with yoga and breath training, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results, breath training with yoga showed greater recuperation than breath training.
The breath training with yoga are recommended as an adjunct method in treatment of subject with chronic nonspecific
neck pain..

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Aims and Background: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in athletics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Movement-Pattern Training on the range of motion of the knee joint in the frontal level in athletes with nonspecific chronic low back pain during sing-leg landing.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was carried out in University of Mohaghegh Ardabili at 2018. Firstly, 30 males with non-specific chronic low back pain were selected with available sampling and then they randomly divided into control (15 subjects) and experimental (15 subjects) groups. Tests were done in the form of pre and post-tests. Movement pattern exercises were performed on experimental group over a 6-week period. Ethically, the training protocol was done on waiting control group after post-test. Post hok Co-variance was used for statistical analysis of data.
Results: The results showed that movement pattern training reduces the range of motion of the knee joint in the frontal level of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (P=0.000, d=3.94 high effect size).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the exercises of the movement pattern have caused significant changes in the range of motion of the knee joint at the frontal level. that could be beneficial for future researches in order to prevent and treat the low back pain individuals.

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Background: Chronic back pain is one of the most common chronic pains which various methods have been proposed to manage and reduce pain, including participating in sports rehabilitation programs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of specialized yoga exercises on pain, functional capacity and range of motion of women with non-specific chronic back pain.
methods: The statistical sample was 50 women suffering from non-specific chronic low back pain in Amol city, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (25 people) and control group (25 people). The tools used in this research were McGill Pain Questionnaire, 6-minute fast walking functional test and waist flexion range measurement by Kinovea software before and 48 hours after the last session of yoga exercises. The experimental group performed specialized yoga exercises for 24 sessions of 60 minutes. The research design was a pre-test-post-test with a control group, and univariate covariance analysis (ANCOA) was used to analyze the data.
Results: The obtained results showed that this yoga training program can reduce the pain of women with chronic low back pain (p≤ 0.05) and improve functional capacity (p ≤ 0.001) and increase the range of motion of the back (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: Due to the simultaneous use of mental and strengthening exercises, specialized yoga exercises can improve psychological factors such as fear of movement, fear of pain, and subsequently improve the range of motion of the back and improve the functional capacity of patients.
 

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Aim and Backgrounds: The purpose of this study was to investigate the uniform effect of feedbag correction exercises on pain, motor range and angle angel of girls with ahead.
Material and Methods:The statistical sample of the present study includes 30 people, 15 women with head forward problem were considered as experimental group and 15 women without head forward problem were considered as control group. NASM head-forward corrective exercise protocol was used as a feedback corrective exercise protocol. This protocol includes four sections of restraint techniques, stretching techniques, activation techniques, and cohesion techniques, which were performed in a period of 45 minutes in each stage of the exercise. After the initial evaluations and measurements, the experimental group did its exercises for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 45 minutes. During this time, the control group did not do any activity related to corrective exercises and did not use any medicine to reduce pain. Again, pain and performance measurements were taken after the protocol.. The Shapirvillek test was used to determine the normal distribution of the research variables and for statistical analysis of the research hypotheses, the covariance analysis test (ANCOVA) was used. The confidence interval for all hypotheses was 0.05 p <0.05.  Results: The results of the covariance test indicate a significant effect of feedbag correction exercises on pain, motor range and angle angle of girls with forward head complications (P. 0.001).  Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed the effect of feedback corrective exercises on reducing neck pain, motor range and angle angle of girls with forward head complications. On this basis, it seems that the exercises of this study can be effective in improving the motor
performance of girls with the forward head