@article{ author = {Piranhamlabadi, Milad and Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli and Anoushirvani, Saj}, title = {The effect of two types of thoracolumbosacral braces on electromyography activity and pain index in patients with low back pain during walking}, abstract ={ Aims and background: Low back pain is a common ailment that affects about 80% of the population at some point in their life time. Using a brace is a method to control pain that physiotherapists recommend it. However, the scientific evidence about the effects of different braces in low back pain patients is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two thoracolumbosacral braces on electromyography activity) and pain index of low back pain patients during walking. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 15 male and female subjects with low back pain volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects walked in three conditions (without braces, simple braces and sensor braces). An 8-channel wireless electromyography system was used to record the activity of the muscles of the back and lower limb during walking. Visual scale index was also used to record pain and comfort. Repeated measure ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at p=0.05. Results: Finding demonstrated that the pain value during using brace with sensor was lower than that simple brace (P<0.05). However, comfort value during using simple brace was the lowest (P<0.05). Frequency content of biceps femoris during push off while using brace with sensor was greater than that simple brace condition (p=0.007). Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the use of tracholambosacral braces with sensor because of reduction in pain and increment in frequency content of biceps femoris muscle is more effective than that simple brace in patients with low back pain.}, Keywords = {Low back pain, Thoracolumbosacral, Braces, Electromyography}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5539-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5539-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Zarei, Ghasem and Farhadi, Abdolhosein and Shahzeidi, Elham and SoleimanZadeh, Yadollah and Mosleh, sorour and aboutalebi, Mohammad sadegh}, title = {The Effect of Isoflurane Concentration on Awareness and Postoperative Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section with General Anesthesia}, abstract ={ Aims and background: In recent years and recent studies have observed specific viewpoint about awareness and recall and complications of them e.g. postoperative psychological reactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between different isoflurane MAC (1/2- 0/8) awareness and postoperative depression, anxiety and stress in patients undergoing cesarean section with general anesthesia. Materials and methods: In this study, in nine months, 70 mothers with ASA class I/II, randomly, were selected. After satisfaction and after induction of anesthesia, depends on the amount of uterus relaxation Isuflurane administered. One month after surgery, the questions of DASS examination orally asked from patients to measure the stress and anxiety and depression and the so recall examination asked to measure the awareness. Then the data were analyzed. Findings: Four patients had awareness. 17% of patients had depression, 27% anxiety and 16% stress. There was a significant relationship between the Isuflurane concentration and postoperative psychological problems. In other words, if Isuflurane concentration decreases, the psychological problems would increase. Conclusion: setting of Isoflurane MAC less than 0.7 lead to awareness/recall and postoperative depression, anxiety and stress after cesarean section. Therefore, it is recommended, when there is necessary to reduce the dose of inhaled anesthetics, administer alternative anesthetics as IV anesthetic drugs for maintaining the depth of anesthesia.}, Keywords = {Caesarean section, Isoflurane MAC, Awareness/recall, Postoperative psychological problems}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5542-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5542-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, Shima and EbrahimiAtri, Ahmad and HashemiJavaheri, Aliakbar and Sahebari, Maryam}, title = {The effect of Pilates exercises on the pain and the flexor and extensor knee muscles momnetum in women with rheumatoid arthritis}, abstract ={ Aims and background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, autoimmune, chronic, and progressive connective tissue disease with an unknown cause that is associated with symptoms such as pain, swelling, tenderness, stiffness, and dryness in the joints and decreased energy, leading to muscle inactivity and atrophy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates exercises on pain and isometric torque of flexor muscles and knee extensors in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods: Thirty female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (hip and knee joints) were randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental groups and 15 control groups). Evaluation of the pain performed with visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale and Kin-com 125A isokinetic dynamometer were used to assess the isometric torque of the muscles. The experimental group performed Pilates exercises for eight weeks and three sessions a week. Paired t-test and analysis of covariance were used to interpret the data in two groups. (P≤0.05). Results: The findings showed that the pain of the experimental group after eight weeks of Pilates exercises was significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). Also, the isometric torque of the knee flexor and extensor muscles of the experimental group is significantly better than the control group members (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, Pilates exercises can improve the pain and the knee flexor and extensor muscles isometric torque of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.}, Keywords = {Pilates, Rheumatoid arthritis, Pain, Isometric torque.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-30}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5551-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5551-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli and Piranhamlabadi, Mil}, title = {The effect of 8 sessions of Thera-band exercises on the joint position sense of the knee and ankle in diabetic patients with osteoarthritis of the knee}, abstract ={ Aims and background: To have proper balance, proper communication between body systems and environment is essential. Disruption of these systems causes problems for the individual, which can be seen in diabetic patients with osteoarthritis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 sessions of balance exercises and traction loops on the joint position sense of the knee and ankle in Diabetic patients had osteoarthritis of the knee. Materials & Methods: This study was performed on elderly diabetic patients with osteoarthritis. Subjects were divided into control and intervention groups and actively and passively reconstructed joint angles and balance time was recorded on both legs. The training phase was balanced. In the test phase, the amount of joint error and balance time on one leg were recorded twice. Correlated t-test was used to compare variables between different pre-training and post-training conditions. The significance level for all analyzes was 0.05. Results: The results showed that 45 ° flexion movements of the left knee (P = 0.001), 20 ° flexion of the right knee (P = 0.038), 20 ° flexion of the left knee (P = 0.001), dorsiflexion of the right ankle (P = 0.016) and plantar flexion of the left ankle (P = 0.001) was significantly reduced compared to the pre-exercise stage in the intervention group. Also, no significant difference was observed in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that trapezoidal loops exercises have improved the reconstruction of joint angles and balance time in diabetic patients with osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of exercise be included in the exercise program of diabetic patients with elderly osteoarthritis.}, Keywords = {Properposition, trapezoidal loops exercises, Balance, Esoarthritis, Diabetes}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-43}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5555-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5555-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Adarvishi, Sara and Dastoorpur, Maryam and YazdaniNejad, Hamid and Mohammadi, Parisa and KurdNejad, Maedeh and Ranjbarha, Razieh and Akhlaghi, Zahr}, title = {Comparison of neonatal and maternal outcomes after cesarean delivery with general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia}, abstract ={ Aims and background: The choice of anesthesia for cesarean section depends on factors such as the cause of the operation, the degree of urgency of the operation and the patient’s desire. Following the choice of any of the methods either general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia for mother and baby will have consequences. The aim of this study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes after cesarean section with general and spinal anesthesia in teaching hospitals in Ahvaz in 1398. Materials & Methods: This analytical study was performed in 1398 on 110 pregnant women aged 20-35 years who are candidates for repeat elective cesarean section in Ahvaz educational hospitals for termination of pregnancy. The research instruments included a three-part questionnaire related to demographic characteristics and pre-cesarean section information and post-cesarean section information. SPSS software version 22 and paired t-test and independent t-test and chi-square were used to describe and analyze the data. Results: The use of spinal anesthesia for cesarean section was associated with less pain, less analgesia, higher Apgar score, higher hematocrit and hemoglobin, no sore throat, and more satisfaction compared to general anesthesia. But the complications of nausea, vomiting and postoperative headache are more common in the group with spinal anesthesia. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the results of the study, it is recommended to use spinal anesthesia as much as possible in cesarean delivery}, Keywords = {Cesarean section, general, anesthesia, spinal, Fetal-Maternal}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-54}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5554-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5554-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mansourifar., Shima and Rezaei-Jamalouei, Hasan and EmamiDehkordi, Seyyed Mohammad Hass}, title = {Modeling structural relationships of with perceived pain life in inflammatory bowel patients (IBD)}, abstract ={   Aims and background: Living with the chronic pain of inflammatory bowel disease requires considerable emotional pressure, as pain reduces a person’s emotional abilities so the aim of this study was to explain the Structural model of relationships between family communication patterns and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with the pain perception. Materials and Methods: The research method is cross-sectional correlation using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all people with inflammatory bowel disease in Isfahan in 1399, from which 331 people were selected by convenience sampling. In this study of family communication model tools, quality of life of inflammatory bowel patient, McGill pain perception were used. Lisrel-V8.8 software were used to analyze the data. Results: Findings showed that family communication patterns through pain perception have an indirect and significant effect on the quality of life of inflammatory bowel patients. The research findings also showed that the communication component of dialogue has a positive effect on quality of life and negative effect on pain perception and the compliance component has a negative effect on quality of life positive effect on pain perception. Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be said that pain perception plays an important role in the quality of life of inflammatory bowel patients, therefore paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments helps researchers and therapists.  }, Keywords = {Inflammatory bowel patients, Quality of life, Perceived pain, Pattern of family relationships}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-67}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5564-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5564-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mir, Mehrafza and Alijanpour, Ebrahim and Sharifpour, Shervin and ezoji, khadijeh and Seyfi, Shahram}, title = {Comparison the effect of epidural steroid injection by Caudal and Lumbar methods for controlling the radicular pain of lower extremity}, abstract ={ Aims and background: Chronic low back pain is one of the common causes of patients referring to specialized and general medical clinics. The positive effect of Epidural Steroid injection has been proven in relieving pain in these patients. In this study, the epidural effects of methylprednisolone acetate in these two methods of Caudal and Lumbar were compared. Materials and Methods: In this study, 80 patients with radicular lower limb pain due to lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion who were referred to the pain clinic were divided into two groups of 40 patients. In the first group, steroids were injected into the epidural site by Lumbar method and in the second group by Caudal method. The effects of these two methods on reducing patients’ pain at 2-month intervals and at the end of 1 year were evaluated and compared. Results: According to this study, epidural steroid injection significantly reduced the mh pain in patients (P <0.001), but there was significant difference between Lumbar and Caudal methods. There was no reduction in pain. The rate of pain reduction in patients one year after epidural steroid injection in both lumbar and Caudal methods was not related to the level of discopathy. The rate of pain reduction after lumbar epidural steroid injection in patients with a history of lumbar spine surgery was less than caudal injection (P = 0.043). In Patients with a history of lumbar spine surgery the injection of caudal steroid would further reduce their pain (P = 0.336). Epidural steroid injection improves deep tendon reflexes (DTR) anesthesia of the lower extremities Conclusion: Patients with radicular pain in the lower extremities who have not responded well to medication can benefit from epidural steroid injections. In reviewing the results of one year, the lumbar or caudal injection method is not preferable to another. Only in cases where the patient has a history of lumbar spine surgery, the caudal method will be preferred.}, Keywords = {disc herniation, Epidural steroid, Caudal, Lumbar}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {68-77}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5558-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5558-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {nasizadeh, haleh and moheb, naeimeh and livarjani, shole and babapourkheirodin, jalil and moosavi, zahr}, title = {Comparison between effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy on sleep quality in people who suffering from tension headache}, abstract ={         The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy on sleep quality in people who suffering from tension headache. The present study was a quasiexperimental design that conducted in the form of pretest-posttest-2mounths follow up. In this study, 68 patients with chronic tension headache were referred from pain specific clinic of Imam Reza hospital (Tabriz medical university), and 30th of them with psychiatric recognition of tension headache were selected with purposive sampling method, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 students per group). The participants in each group completed the Pittsburgh sleep Quality as the pretest, posttest, and 2months follow-up. Twelve sessions of group emotional schema therapy, and Ten sessions of group Dialectical Behavioral therapy were held for the participants in the experimental groups. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and multivariate analysis of covariance. Based on the results of covariance analysis in posttest and follow- up, it was found that both emotional schema therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy were effective on sleep quality in patients with chronic tension headache (p=0/001). In addition, Bonferroni post hoc test results showed that emotional schema therapy had a greater effect on sleep quality than dialectical behavior therapy among people who suffering from tension headache (p=0/001). Therefor training of this therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective interventional method in recovery of sleep quality in people who suffering from tension headache.}, Keywords = {Emotional schema therapy, Dialectical behavior therapy, sleep quality}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {78-91}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5573-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5573-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Taqinezhad, fatemeh and Shojaodin, Seyed Sadrodin and feizolahi, Fu}, title = {The effect and maintenance of breath training with and without yoga on Pain, range of motion and quality of life in women with Chronic nonspecific neck pain}, abstract ={Aims and background: Chronic nonspecific neck pain considered as a common problem which most of the time comes with changes in sensorimotor functions, beside high financial expense, its accompany with pain and personal concerns in society. The purpose of this research was to study and compare the effect and maintenance of breath training with and without yoga on Pain, range of motion and quality of life in women with chronic nonspecific neck pain. Materials and methods: The present study was a quasi - experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. For this purpose, 45 women (40 to 50 years old) with chronic non-specific neck pain and fulfilled the inclusion criteria has been selected by convenience sampling in 3 equal groups of 15 patients (randomly). Then two experimental groups performed the training protocol. The protocol was eight weeks of 45minute exercise program, three sessions per week, of breath training with yoga, breath training. In order to assess pain, range of motion and quality of life of subject, visual analogue scale, Universal Goniometer and whoqol-brief questionnaire was used. All variables were measured one week prior to the study, before, and immediately after the intervention and four weeks afterwards. After data collection, for data analysis Repeated measure ANOVA was applied at the significant level of (p≤0/05). Results: The findings of this study showed that both breath training with yoga and breath training has significant effect on pain, range of motion and quality of life of subject women with chronic non-specific neck pain(P≤0.05). Conducting a between-group comparison also showed that the pain, range of motion and quality of life variables had the highest variation, which was related to the breath training with yoga and breath training, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, breath training with yoga showed greater recuperation than breath training. The breath training with yoga are recommended as an adjunct method in treatment of subject with chronic nonspecific neck pain..}, Keywords = {neck pain, breath training with yoga, range of motion.}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {92-103}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5569-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5569-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ashayri, hasan and goodarzi, nasrin and peimani, javid and mashchi, farahnaz and sabet, mehrdad and akbari, mohammad esmeil}, title = {Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and mindfulness therapy on reducing physical inability and severity of pain in cancer patients}, abstract ={Background & Aim: In any era of history, human beings have been afraid of a disease. Undoubtedly, cancer is one of the most worrisome diseases and cancer pain is one of the most painful pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and mindfulness therapy on the reduction of physical disability and pain relief in cancer patients.  Method: Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population was all women with breast cancer referred to Tehran Cancer Research Center in 1397 who were selected by available sampling method consisting of 30 patients and randomly divided into two groups of intervention therapy (cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness), and The control group was placed. The research instrument was the Physical Disability Scale Questionnaire (Roland and Morris, 1984) to assess the physical condition and pain intensity. For data analysis, a mixed analysis of variance design with repeated measures was used. Results: The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the performance of the three groups in the physical disability and pain severity, but the effect of these two methods on the two groups was similar in reducing physical inability.  Conclusion: In this study, in addition to medical treatment, cognitive / behavioral group therapy and knowledge of the mind are effective methods to minimize physical disability and severity of pain in cancer patients.}, Keywords = {Cancer, Cognitive -Meeting, Mindfulness, Pain management,}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {104-116}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5545-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5545-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {akbarinejhad, hadi and NaghizadehAlamdari, Mahak}, title = {Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance & Commitment Therapy with Short-term Solution-focused Therapy on the Self-efficacy & Resilience of Female Students with Chronic Headache}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of ACT with STSFT on pain self-efficacy and resilience of female students with chronic headache. Methods: The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow up with the control group. The population of the study consisted of female students with chronic headache in the secondary school of Tabriz in the academic year 2019-2020. In total, 30 people, They were selected by using simple random sampling and randomly divided into three groups. The experimental groups received their group-specific treatment in 8 and 6 sessions, respectively. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance & Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: In the pretest, mean and standard deviation of ACT for pain self-efficacy was (29/10±4/72) & for resilience was (43/20±5/05); in STSFT for for pain self-efficacy was (27/60±4/76) & for resilience was (42/30±4/39); and in the control group for pain self-efficacy was (29/00±4/47) & for resilience was (42/40±5/66). Both treatments compared to the control group, increased pain self-efficacy and resilience in patient after the test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on pain self-efficacy and resilience was lasting (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on pain self-efficacy and resilience at posttest and follow-up was not different (p>0.05). Conclusion: These two therapies may reduce the severity of the headache by reducing catastrophic headaches and thus reduce anxiety and fear associated with pain, thus increasing the pain  self-efficacy and resilience of female students with chronic headaches and can be considered a useful preventive strategy.}, Keywords = {Acceptance &, Commitment Therapy, Short-term Solution-focused Therapy, pain self-efficacy, Resilience, Chronic Headache}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-18}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5576-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5576-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {taherizadeh, samaneh and Samari, Aliakbar and ahi, ghasem}, title = {Structural modeling of pain perception in people with chronic pain syndrome based on behavioral inhibition system: mediated by pain catastrophe and perceived social support}, abstract ={Abstract Introduction: Chronic pain, especially skeletal muscle pain, is very common and can affect the quality of life and health of the patient and families; Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between behavioral inhibition system and pain perception by mediating role of pain catastrophe and perceived social support in people with chronic pain syndrome.   Materials and Methods: in this descriptive correlational study, 270 patients were selected through convenience method and assessed with standard questionnaires of behavioral brain systems Wilson and Gray (2003), Van Korf (1990) pain perception, Sullivan et al pain catastrophizing scale(1995), the perceived social support of Zinat et al. (1998). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS20 and PLS3 statistical software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.   Results:  Findings showed that pain catastrophic and perceived social support significantly mediate the relationship between behavioral inhibition system with perceived pain. There was a significant direct relationship between behavioral inhibition system and perceived pain (P <0.05).   Conclusion: This finding shows the importance of the role of mediating  psychosocial variables in perception of pain and indicates that the effect of different variables on pain intensity to pain is not a linear relationship.}, Keywords = {Behavioral Brain Systems, Pain, Catastrophe, Social Support}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-31}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5574-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5574-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {farokhi, habibeh}, title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy , Acceptance and ‎Commitment Therapy on Pain Intensity , Emotion Regulation in Spinal Column ‎Surgery Patients}, abstract ={Abstract Objective: The  aim  of this   study was to compare the effectiveness of  acceptance and   commitment  therapy   And   schema   therapy   on   pain intensity     and   emotion  regulation  in spinal column surgery patients    suffering   from pain in   milad hospital.  Method: In this semi-experimental  study  with  pretest-posttest  control group  design  was used, 96peopel who were given a diagnosis  of about them ,were assigned to two experimental and control groups. this  study  was to analyze the data from the test   ANCOVA. Results: Results   showed   that    acceptance   and  commitment  therapy   and   schema therapy    based on  reducing amount pain and  emotion management. Conclusion: The results revealed that  schema  therapy   focuses on the challenge  and  cognitive  and    acceptance  and  commitment   therapy   focuses on the change  process to create positive change  and  appropriate  in patients  with pain and  surgery  used.}, Keywords = {‎: Acceptance and commitment therapy , Emotion Regulation , Schema therapy Spinal ‎column surgery patients , Pain Intensity.‎}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-40}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5565-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5565-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mohseni, Masood and Nikoubakht, Nasim}, title = {Economic Analysis of Regional Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery}, abstract ={Background: The economic burden of the treatment of hip fracture would be enormous, especially in countries like Iran with an aging population and limited financial resources. The choice of anesthetic technique for hip fracture surgery is controversial. We conducted this retrospective 4 year study to evaluate the effect of regional versus general anesthesia on the length of hospital stay and the cost of hospitalization in an academic governmental setting. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 751 adult patients who underwent a surgery for intertrochanteric or femoral neck fracture since 2008 to 2012 in a University hospital located in Tehran, Iran. Data regarding days of hospital stay and total direct hospitalization costs as well as patients’ demographics were analyzed based on the type of planned anesthesia. The source of data collection was local electronic database. Results: Neuraxial anesthesia was associated with less hospital stay and costs in patients with intertrochanteric fracture surgery. The advantage of neuraxial over general anesthesia was not statistically significant in patients with femoral neck fracture. Conclusions: Neuraxial anesthesia followed by meticulous postoperative pain control may reduce the hospitalization period and costs of hip fracture treatment. This is especially true for the patients with intertrochanteric fracture.}, Keywords = {Anesthesia, General anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia , Economic, Hip Fracture}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {41-48}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5586-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5586-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {kazemainy, Elham and RezaiDehnavi, Sedigheh and montajabian,}, title = {The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on the perception of pain in people with chronic ‎tension headaches}, abstract ={Aims and background:: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive  psychotherapy on the perception of pain in people with chronic tension headaches.  Methods and Materials: The experimental method was semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with chronic tension headache referred to the private clinics of neurologists and a hospital in Shahreza city in 2018. For this purpose, 30 people were selected by targeted sampling method (according to research criteria)  and were placed  randomly in two experimental and control groups (15 experimental group and 15 control group). The experimental group was trained 8 positive 90-minute sessions of positive psychotherapy. The measuring instrument included a daily checklist of Blanchard's headache (1992). Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that positive psychotherapy significantly reduced pain perception in people with chronic tension headache. Conclusion: It can be concluded that positive psychotherapy is effective in reducing the pain perception of people with chronic tension headaches}, Keywords = {Positive Psychotherapy, Pain Perception, Chronic Tension Headache}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {49-61}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5566-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5566-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Tofangchi, Maryam and Raeisi, Zohreh and Amir, Ghamarani and Hasan, Rezaei}, title = {The casual relationship between self-compassion and self-criticism among female patients with tension-type headaches using structural equation modeling}, abstract ={Aims and background: As shown in many studies, one of the most important reasons for headaches in individuals is their tendency to self-criticism. Discovering some protective factors in order to moderate this tendency, thus, can be one of the important goals of health psychology research. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-compassion and self-criticism in women suffering from tension headaches using structural equation modeling. Material & Methods: To do so, 110 women with tension-type headaches were selected through purposeful sampling from psychiatric and neurological clinics and specialized headache centers in Isfahan, and were asked to respond to self-compassion and self-criticism questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) on Amos and SPSS software programs. Findings: The results revealed that the presented model fitted the data well. There were negative relationships between positive components of self-compassion (self-kindness, common human humanity, and mindfulness) and self-criticism. On the other hand, there were positive relationships between the negative components of self-compassion (self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and self-criticism. The findings showed the research model was appropriately presented. Conclusions‌‌‌: Therefore, based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be concluded that self-compassion as a protective factor can have a significant impact on self-criticism in women with tension-type headaches.}, Keywords = {self-criticism, self-compassion, tension-type headache, structural equation modeling}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {62-77}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5571-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5571-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Khalafi, Ali and Sarvisarmeydani, Nooshin and Akhondzadeh3, Reza and Dastoorpour, Maryam and Ghobeishavi, Sajedeh and shahbazi, Shadi}, title = {Designing and evaluating the effectiveness of a pre-induction checklist on improving the clinical performance of the anesthesia teams in terms of patient safety quality}, abstract ={Background: Exchanging and sharing information within the anesthesia team is very important to maintain patient safety and requires close coordination and cooperation between team members. The aim of this study was to introduce and present a checklist before induction of anesthesia and to evaluate its effect on improving the clinical performance of the anesthesia team and the quality of patient safety. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a post-test with a control group. The statistical sample of the study included anesthesia teams in four educational centers of Ahvaz, including anesthesiologists and experts who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n = 50) and control (n = 50). After applying the designed checklist before induction of anesthesia in the intervention group, data collection was performed by the Patient Safety Attitude Questionnaire completed by the participants themselves. Results: The results showed that the mean score of safety attitude in the intervention group (4.01) was significantly higher than the control group (3.91) (P=0.012). 80.2% of the respondents in the intervention group stated that using the checklist was easy, while only 19.8% of them considered using the checklist to be time consuming. The majority agreed that the use of checklists improved operating room safety, communication and prevented errors in the operating rooms (80.2%, 84.8% and 78.6%). Conclusion: The use of checklist intervention leads to improved team clinical performance and safety of the operating room environment and can play a valuable role in promoting patient health and greater productivity of anesthesia staff.}, Keywords = {Checklist, anesthesia, patient safety, teamwork}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {78-91}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5556-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5556-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Aghakeshizadeh, Fatemeh and Letafatkar, Amir}, title = {Comparison of the effects of external instruction exercises in combination with hip-knee strengthening on gait kinematics in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.}, abstract ={Aims and Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, and is related to biomechanical factors of the lower extremities. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of hip and knee strengthening with internal instruction exercises on pain and dynamic knee valgus in patients with Patellofemoral pain syndrom. Materials and Methods: 50 men and women with Patellofemoral pain syndrom (18 to 45 years) participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 25) groups. Evaluation of gait kinematics was conducted using two-dimensional video camera. Subjects in the control group received hip and knee strengthening exercises and in the experimental group performed hip and knee strengthening with external instruction exercise for six weeks. Independent and dependent T-tests were used for statistical analysis. Findings: The results of the statistical tests showed that addition of external focus instruction on hip and knee strengthening exercises affected the lower extremity kinematics of Patellofemoral pain syndrom subjects and significantly improved the lower extremity kinematics (p≤0. 05). Conclusion: Hip and knee strengthening with external instructions exercises seem to be more effective in improving gait kinematics than exercises that focus solely on strengthening the hip and knee muscles.}, Keywords = {Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Strengthening exercises, Feedback, Lower extremity kinematics.}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-103}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5538-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5538-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {moheb, naeimeh and NASIZADEH, HALEH and livarjani, Shole and babapourkheirodin, jalil and moosavi, zahr}, title = {Comparison between effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy on pain severity and performance limitation in people who suffering of tension headache}, abstract ={         Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy on pain severity and performance limitation in people who suffering of tension headache. Methods:  The present study was a quasi- experimental design that conducted in the form of pretest-posttest-2mounths follow up. In this study, 68 patients with chronic tension headache who were refered from pain specific clinic of imam reza hospital (tabriz medical university), and 30th of them with psychiatric recognition of tension headache were selected with purposive sampling method, they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 students per group). The participantes in the two groups completed the Multidimentional Pain Inventury (West Haven- Yale, 1985)  as the pretest, posttest, and 2 months follow-up. Twelve sessions of group emotional schema therapy, and Ten sessions of group Dalectical Behavioral therapy were held for the participants in the experimental groups. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Repeated measures analysis. Results: Based on the results of repeated meajure analysis in posttest and follow- up, it was found that both emotional schema therapy, and dialectical behavior therapy were effective on pain severity and performance limitation in patients with chronic tension headache (p=0.001). In addition, Bonferroni post hoc test  results showed that emotional schema therapy had a greater effect on pain severity and performance limitatation than dialectical behavior therapy among people who suffering of tension headache (p=0.001). Conclusion: training of this therapeutic approach is recommended as an effective interventional method in reducing pain severity and performance limitation in people who suffering of tension headache.  }, Keywords = {Key words: Emotional schema therapy, Dialectical behavior therapy, pain severity, performance limitation}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {104-120}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5572-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5572-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {javdaneh, norollah and KamraniFaraz, Nazani}, title = {The effect of six weeks of cognitive functional therapy‎ on pain, disability and fear of movement in ‎people with chronic non-specific neck pain}, abstract ={Purpose: Neck pain is one of the most common problems in human societies. There are many factors involved in the etiology of neck pain, and cognitive problems related to pain are among the most important factors involved for non-specific neck pain. ‎The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of functional cognitive training on the pain intensity, disability and Kinesiophobia in people with non-specific chronic neck pain. Methods: The present study was a clinical trial study with one intervention group and one control group. In this clinical trial study, 24 patients with chronic neck pain were randomly divided into two ‎groups of Cognitive Functional Exercise (n=12) and Control (n=12). ‎‎ The variables of pain intensity, disability and Kinesiophobia ‎ were evaluated before and immediately after six weeks of cognitive exercises by Visual Analog Scale, neck disability questionnaire and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, respectively. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA and paired t-test. ‎ Results: Comparing the two groups after treatment, there was a significant difference in pain intensity (P = 0.001), disability index (P = 0.001) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (P = 0.001) was observed, so that in the intervention group in all factors a significant decrease was observed. Also, the results of the T-pair test showed that there is a significant difference in the group of intervention before and after the test in all variables (P = 0.001). But there was no significant difference for the control group. Conclusion: The findings showed that the intervention of functional cognitive exercises improves pain, disability and Kinesiophobia in people with chronic neck pain, so it is suggested that functional cognitive exercises can be used as a complementary method in improving individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain.}, Keywords = {Chronic neck pain, disability, fear of movement, functional cognitive exercises}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {121-136}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5552-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5552-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Banaeian, Amineh and Jabalameli, Shei}, title = {Evaluation the Contribution of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Alexithymia in Prediction of Pain Indices in Patients with Migraine}, abstract ={Background & Aim : Migraine is a common, painful and debilitating in severe and chronic cases. Therefore, identifying migraine-related factors is essential to reduce the problems associated with it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict pain indices based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and alexithymia in women with migraine in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: The research design was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all women who referred to the neurology clinic of Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan in the second half of 1397 and received a diagnosis of migraine based on the opinion of a neurologist. To conduct this study, 100 people were selected through purposive sampling method and asked them to complete the Headache Indices Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20). Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and alexithymia with pain indices in women with migraine and subscales of cognitive emotion regulation strategies respectively with Beta coefficients 0.498, 0, 0.304, 0.383, 0.540, -0.581, -0.473, -0.525, -0.540 and -0.410; and alexithymia and its components, respectively, with Beta coefficients of 0.544, 0.55, 0.47, and 0.33 were significant predictors of pain symptoms in women with migraine (P <0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results as the prediction of pain indicators based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and alexithymia, it is possible to reduce pain symptoms in people with migraines by provide timely and appropriate interventions and training to improve cognitive emotion regulation strategies and reduction of alexithymia.}, Keywords = {Migraine, Alexithymia, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Pain Symptoms.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-15}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5591-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5591-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Emami, Azadeh and Olia, Mina and Mohseni, Masoo}, title = {The effect of adding fentanyl to spinal anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative urinary retention}, abstract ={Introduction: The prevalence of postoperative urinary retention is between 5% and 70%, depending on the type of surgery, the type and combination of anesthetics, and the patient's underlying conditions. Studies have shown that reducing the dose of local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia and the use of the drug combination reduces the incidence of urinary retention and the need for postoperative catheterization. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of adding fentanyl to spinal anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative urinary retention. Patients and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, patients who were candidates for lower limb orthopedic surgery or lower abdominal surgery under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. Patients with a history of urinary problems were not included. participants were excluded if a change in the method of anesthesia was intended, urinary catheterization required or urinary tract trauma occurred. Patients were randomly allocated to either spinal anesthesia with Bupivacaine 2-2.5 ml or spinal anesthesia with Bupivacaine 1.5-2 ml plus fentanyl 25 µg. Postoperative urinary retention was assessed based on the need for catheterization or a complaint of difficult or incomplete urination. Results: There was a significant borderline association between the complaints of incomplete (20 vs. 12 patients) or difficult urination (16 vs. 8 patients) after surgery and the addition of fentanyl to the spinal anesthesia. (P=0.05) There was no statistically significant relationship between the need for postoperative catheterization and the addition of fentanyl to the spinal anesthesia (20 vs. 13 patients; p=0.11). Logistic regression analysis showed that age and amount of fluid intake during surgery were independent predictors of difficult urination. Conclusion: Adding fentanyl 25µg to local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia will increase the incidence of postoperative urinary retention. The use of lower doses of fentanyl in combination with various local anesthetic drugs in spinal anesthesia is recommended in future studies.}, Keywords = {Spinal anesthesia, urinary retention, opioid, fentanyl}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {16-24}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5590-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5590-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {ShahabiRabori, Samira and ZeinaliGhotrom, Ahmad and Vafaeenasab, Mohammadreza and KhatibiAghda, Amidoddin and Bayat, Banafshe}, title = {Evaluation of the effectiveness of intramuscular injection of ozone-oxygen gas in paravertebral muscles in comparison with high power laser in patients with spinal stenosis}, abstract ={Background:One of the most common causes of chronic back pain is spinal stenosis.This disorder is common in the elderly.Treatments for spinal stenosis include surgery, laser therapy, ozone therapy, physical therapy, and medication.Since no study has been done to compare laser therapy and ozone therapy, this study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of intramuscular injection of ozone gas in paravertebral muscles compared to high-power laser in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Materials and methods:This study was a randomized clinical trial.Patients referred to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic with spinal canal stenosis were evaluated in three groups: laser therapy, ozone therapy, and drug & physical therapy.After treatment, a valid SSSQ questionnaire was used to collect and the outcome of treatment.After data collection, they were analyzed by spss25 software. Result:The results showed that the mean score of pain and neuroischemic symptoms, physical activity and patients' satisfaction with the intervention performed immediately after treatment (p = 0.04), 4 weeks after the intervention (p = 0.001) and 8 weeks after the intervention (p = 0.001) Was statistically significant. Discussion:The results of the present study showed that laser therapy and ozone therapy versus drug and physical therapy alone were effective in reducing pain and neuroischemic symptoms in patients as well as improving patients' physical activity but there was no significant difference between laser therapy and ozone therapy during the time the patients were examined.}, Keywords = {Spinal canal stenosis, ozone-oxygen gas, high power laser}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {25-34}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5585-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5585-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mohamadi, Hoseinali and Jabalameli, Sheida and Haghayegh, Sayed Abbas and Ranjbarkohan, Zohre}, title = {Structural Model of the Effect of Health Promoting Lifestyle and Distress Tolerance on Chronic Pain Acceptance in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal pain: Study of the Mediating Role of Learned Helplessness}, abstract ={Aim and Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain was one of the most common disorders in human societies. Incidence and improving of this disorders In addition to medical reasons, its also very influential from psychological factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the structural model of the relationship between health promoting lifestyles, Distress tolerance, Helplessness and Chronic Pain acceptance in patients with Chronic musculoskeletal pain. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study using structural equation modeling. We used available sampling for selecting 384 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain as the study population including patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain referred to Najafabad private clinics. Research Tools included health promoting lifestyle questionnaire (HPLQ, 1988), distress tolerance questionnaire (DTQ, 2005), chronic pain acceptance questionnaire (CPAQ, 2006) and learned helplessness questionnaire (LHS, 1988). The data was analyzed by SPSS, AMOS and with help of structural equation modeling. Findings: The model of research was fit and the considered factor structure was optimal. The results indicated the health promoting lifestyles and distress tolerance had significant direct relationship with chronic pain acceptance. Learned helplessness had relative reverse relationship with chronic pain acceptance and had significant reverse relationship with health promoting lifestyles and distress tolerance. Also the mediatory role of learned helplessness in the relationship between health promoting lifestyle and distress tolerance were supported and relative reverse correlations were obtained (p<0/05). Conclusion: Improving health promoting lifestyle and distress tolerance are involved in chronic pain acceptance In patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Learned helplessness was an important mediator, and associated with health promoting lifestyle and distress tolerance and it is important to pay attention to use therapy on the basis of these variables.  }, Keywords = {Health Promoting Lifestyle, Pain Acceptance, Distress Tolerance, Learned Helplessness, Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {35-49}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5563-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5563-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Piranhamlabadi, Milad and Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli and Noorian, Ebrahim}, title = {The effect of 8 sessions of balance exercises on proprioception of knee and ankle joints in diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Background: The ankle and knee joints position sense disrupted in diabetic patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 sessions of balance exercises on position sense of knee and ankle joints in diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on elderly diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis. Subjects were divided into control and intervention groups. Passive and active joint angles reconstructed and balance times were recorded for both legs. In the intervention group, the balance training was done for 8 sessions. Paired sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that reconstruction of 45 ° flexion of the left knee (P = 0.007), 20 ° flexion of the right knee (P = 0.035), dorsiflexion of the right ankle (P = 0.008), dorsiflexion of the left ankle (P = 0.011), plantar flexion of the right ankle (P = 0.012) and plantar flexion of the left ankle (P = 0.001) were significantly reduced in posttest than that pretest. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that balance exercises have improved the reconstruction of joint angles and balance time in diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of exercise can be included in the rehabilitation of diabetic patients with knee osteoarthritis.}, Keywords = {Proprioception, Balance Exercises, Osteoarthritis, Diabetes}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {50-59}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5560-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5560-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ezzati, Zainab and shahabizadeh, fatemeh and Soleimannejad, Kourosh and Nasri, Maryam}, title = {The Effective of Behavioral Cognitive Intervention based uncertainty Intolerance and acceptance and commitment Intervention on Anxiety, Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Cortisol Level of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder; follow up for three months}, abstract ={Aim & Background: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common causes of chronic abdominal pain, therefore the aim was the effectiveness of behavioral cognitive intervention based uncertainty intolerance and acceptance and commitment intervention on anxiety, severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and cortisol level in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with generalized anxiety disorder. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group and follow up for three months. The statistical population included patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder who referred to Parsian Hospital between late winter 1398 to mid-summer 1399 and internal medicine in Tehran. 60 patients were selected through targeted sampling and randomly assigned in Behavioral Cognitive Intervention based Intolerance of uncertainty, acceptance and commitment Intervention and control (n= 20 each). Data were collected analyzed using the Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Anxiety and blood cortisol level test and by SPSS-25 and using analysis of variance were performed by repeated measures. Results: Both interventions had a significant effect on reducing the severity of irritable bowel syndrome and gastrointestinal symptoms and blood cortisol levels (P <0.01, this effect was stable during follow-up period (P <0.01). Regarding anxiety, only cognitive-behavioral intervention had a significant effect (P <0.01) Conclusion: Behavioral cognitive and acceptance and commitment interventions as an effective intervention can be used in medical centers to reduce severity of gastrointestinal symptoms and blood cortisol levels of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder.}, Keywords = {Intolerance of Uncertainty, Acceptance and Commitment Intervention, Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Cortisol, Generalized Anxiety Disorder}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {60-79}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5595-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5595-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Montajabian, Zahra and RezaiDehnavi, Sedigheh}, title = {The effectiveness of Meta Cognitive Interpersonal Therapy on Reduction of Perceived pain and Marital Conflict among Couples at Empty Nest Stage}, abstract ={Aims and background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of meta cognitive interpersonal therapy on reduction of perceived pain and marital conflict among couples at  empty nest stage.  Methods and Materials: The present study was a quasi-experimental research method with pre-test and post-test, control. The statistical population consisted of couple experiencing empty nest stage in Isfahan in 2019. The sampling method was purposive and 16 couples were selected and randomly assigned into two groups (n=16). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of  meta cognitive interpersonal therapy based training, once a week, for 120 minutes and the control group was on the waiting list. Research tools consisted of Perceived Pain Questionnaire of McGill of Melzack and Revised Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ-R) of Bagher Sanaei   & et al. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that meta cognitive interpersonal therapy significantly improved the mean scores of perceived pain and marital conflict in the experimental group compared to the control group. Therefore, the results showed a reduction in perceived pain and marital conflict in couples in the empty nest stage Conclusion: The using of meta cognitive interpersonal therapy would be useful for reducing perceived pain and marital conflict.}, Keywords = {Empty Nest, Perceived Pain, Marital Conflict, Meta Cognitive, Meta Cognitive Interpersonal Therapy, Interpersonal Schema}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {91-102}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5606-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5606-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Adibniya, Sareh and Pashang, sara and Tajeri, Biyuk}, title = {investigate a chronic pain prediction model based on catastrophic fear by considering the mediating role of self-control in patients with knee pain}, abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate a chronic pain prediction model based on catastrophic fear by considering the mediating role of self-control in patients with knee pain. Methods: The research method is descriptive and correlational and the structural equation modeling method. The present study's statistical population was all patients with knee pain who were referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 1398. The total sample size was 400 patients who were selected by purposive sampling method. The research instruments included Van Korf et al. (1990) chronic pain questionnaire, the Sullivan et al. (1995) catastrophic pain questionnaire, and the Tanji et al. (2004) self-control questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using AMOS software, and necessary calculations and fitting indices and path coefficients were extracted for the proposed model. Results: The results of the statistical test showed that the model fit indices are in good condition. Conclusion: The findings showed that chronic pain is directly affected by catastrophic fear factors, and the relationship between catastrophic fear and chronic pain is direct. Catastrophic fear factors also have an indirect effect on chronic pain through self-control. Therefore, self-control can alleviate the catastrophic fear of patients with chronic pain.}, Keywords = {Chronic pain, catastrophic fear, self-control, knee pain}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {103-114}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5575-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5575-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {ArdalaniFarsa, Faranak and Shahhabizadeh, fatemeh and Hashemi, , Masoud and Dadkhah, Paym}, title = {Mood/Anxiety Symptoms and Emotional Schemas in the Model of Quality of Spiritual Life of Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain Mediated by Role of Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions}, abstract ={Aims and background: Quality of spiritual life are influenced by emotional structures, cognitive and motivational, so the present study aims to provide a conceptual model of quality of spiritual life based on the symptoms and emotional schemas with the mediation of perfectionist cognitions of patients with chronic pain was performed. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all men and women ‌(30-50 aged) ‌with chronic low back pain referred to pain clinics in Akhtar, Labbafinejad and Imam Hossein (AS) hospitals in Tehran in the year  99-98. The sample included 400 people considering the inclusion criteria were chosen. The instruments used in this study are: Mood/Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire, Short Form of Emotional Schemas, Perfectionist Structures, Short Form Spiritual Quality of Life. Data were analyzed by SPSS21 and LISREL 8.8 software programs by structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed that the direct path of mood/anxiety Symptoms to increased Emotional Schemas (p<0.05), and direct path of Emotional Schemas to increased Perfectionism Cognitions (p<0.05), was significant. Also, indicated that the indirect path mood/anxiety Symptoms to Spiritual Quality of Life through Emotional Schemas and Perfectionism Cognitions was significant (p<0.01) Conclusion: The findings of this study support the mediating role of Perfectionism Cognitions in the relationship between emotional Symptoms and Emotional Schemas with Spiritual Quality of Life, so the development of therapeutic interventions based on reduced emotional schemas and perfectionism can be useful in improving the quality of spiritual life of patients with chronic pain.}, Keywords = {Mood/anxiety symptoms, emotional schemas, quality of spiritual life, Multidimensional cognitions of perfectionism.}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {115-128}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5587-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5587-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Moslehi, Mahsa and Letafatkar, Amir and Miri, Hadi}, title = {Effect of eight weeks of scapular-focused exercise with and without feedback on pain, function, and scapular kinematic in a participant with shoulder impingement syndrome}, abstract ={Background and Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of scapular-focused treatment with (SFTF) and without (SFT) feedback on pain, function, and scapular kinematics in patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Materials and Methods: 36 males and females with SIS (age of 37 ± 6.3 years) were randomly assigned into SFTF (n=12), SFT (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The primary outcome was pain, assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The secondary outcomes were function and scapular kinematics, assessed by DASH Questionnaire and a 3-D motion capture, respectively. All outcomes were measured at the baseline and after the 8-week interventions. Results: A post-hoc analysis performed to show significant differences between groups after the 8-week interventions. For pain, there were significant differences between SFTF vs. SFT (ES (95%CI) = -0.3(-0.4 to -0.1); P= 0.04), SFTF vs. control (ES (95%CI) = 1.3(0.7 to 1.9); P= 0.01). For DASH, also, there were significant differences between SFTF vs. SFT (ES (95%CI) = 1.8(1.1 to 2.4); P= 0.03), SFTF vs. control (ES (95%CI) = 4.4(3.3 to 5.4); P= 0.01), and SFT vs. control (ES (95%CI) = 2.6(1.8 to 3.4); P= 0.01). For scapular internal rotation (the sagittal or scapular planes), scapular upward rotation, and the scapular tilt, however, there weren’t differences between SFTF vs. SFT. Conclusions: Based on the study results, a rehabilitation program integrated with verbal feedbacks is effective to relieve pain, and improve function and scapular kinematics in patients with SIS. Adding feedback to an exercise therapy could clinically enhance outcomes in patients with SIS.}, Keywords = {Feedback, Scapular-focused Treatment, Shoulder Impingement Syndrome}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-15}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5589-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5589-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Mazaherinezhad, Ali and Angoorani, • Hooman and Moezy, Azar and Nazari, Ahmad and Mohseni, Masood and Mousavi, Elham}, title = {The effect of acupuncture with gold, steel and placebo needles on joint pain in knee osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Background. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious health issue and economic burden worldwide. Several treatment modalities have been proposed, each with its own limitations. Systematic reviews advocate the use of acupuncture for knee OA. Regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of gold, it was assumed that acupuncture with gold needles may have added value compared with the conventional stainless steel needles. Methods. In a randomized controlled trial, 45 patients with knee OA grade two or three according to the Kellgren Lawrence criteria were enrolled. Pain severity score was evaluated at baseline. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups of acupuncture with gold, steel, or placebo needles for ten sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Participants were followed for 12 weeks after the end of treatment sessions. Results. The pain score was lower in the acupuncture groups than in the placebo group, but the difference between gold and steel acupuncture groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Acupuncture with conventional needling is an effective and well-tolerated method for the management of knee OA.}, Keywords = {Knee Osteoarthritis, Acupuncture, Pain, gold}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {16-23}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5603-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5603-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {safarigiv, taktom and sasannejad, peyman and doustkani, mohammad and akbarpoursohbatabadi, ali and Azadbakht, Kamr}, title = {Effect of treadmill running on pain level of patients with anterior knee pain syndrome}, abstract ={: Anterior knee pain is pain that occurs in the front and center of the knee and has a high prevalence, which is necessary to study the therapeutic effect of different methods on the pain of this disease. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill use on pain in patients with anterior knee pain syndrome. : This study was performed on 136 patients with anterior knee pain syndrome (68 patients in the treadmill group and 68 patients in the control group). After recording demographic information and clinical notes, patients were randomly assigned to two groups and pain was recorded after intervention in both groups. The statistical test of Kai Square, Mann-Whitney and independent t was used to compare the data. : The results of our study showed that the mean pain score before the intervention and in the first week was not statistically significant between patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome in both treadmill and control groups, but in the fourth and eighth weeks in patients with treadmill group as There was less significance than the control group, and this difference remained significant in people under the age of 25 with a BMI greater than 25. Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome, especially in young people, additional treadmill treatment should be done along with standard treatment for patients to see the improvement of patientschr('39') pain in the short term and then increase the quality of life of patients}, Keywords = {Anterior knee pain, treadmill, pain}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {24-33}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5567-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5567-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Tofangchi, Maryam and Ghamarani, Amir and Rezaei, Has}, title = {The Psychometric Properties of Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) in Women with Tension-Type Headaches}, abstract ={Aims and background: Distress tolerance is an important psychological phenomenon which affects self-regulation processes including cognitive appraisal of emotional or physical states. Given that individuals with tension-type headaches are most likely to have low levels of distress tolerance, the evaluation of this variable is, therefore, very essential as the initial step of treatment in this population. The present research aimed at evaluating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) in women suffering from tension-type headaches in Isfahan. Material & Methods: The research method was a cross-sectional validation study of 110 women with tension-type headaches in Isfahan in 2019. The research population was selected through purposful sampling method. In order to analyze the psychometric properties of DTS, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, convergent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Findings:: The results showed that the overall Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability values for DTS were 0.96 and 090, respectively. The convergent validity was obtained as 0.590, suggesting a reasonably good convergent validity for DTS. Furthermore, the one-factor structure of DTS was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusions: The findings revealed acceptable validity and reliability of DTS. Thus, DTS can be used as a research and clinical tool among women with tension-type headaches.}, Keywords = {Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), tension-type headaches, women, validity reliability}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {34-43}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5602-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5602-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {BagheriSheykhangafshe, Farzin and Saeedi, Maryam and SavabiNiri, Vahid and DeldariAlamdari, Mahdieh and Ghodrat, Golnaz and Fathi-Ashtiani, Ali}, title = {Anxiety, Depression and Stress in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Migraine During Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic: Systematic Review Study}, abstract ={Aims and background: The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has caused psychological disorders in many people around the world, especially in vulnerable groups such as people with chronic diseases. In this regard, the present review study was conducted to investigate the anxiety, depression and stress of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and migraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: In this study, a systematic review of the keywords COVID-19, Arthritis, Migraine Depression, Stress, Anxiety, Mental Health, Pandemic in the titles and abstracts of articles published in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases in the period 2020 (From February) to 2021 (until July) searched. 408 English articles were retrieved in the electronic search. The abstracts of the published articles were reviewed and, in several stages, duplicate and unrelated items were removed from the study, and finally 22 final articles were selected for comprehensive review and data extraction. The PRISMA checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles. Findings: Studies have shown a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, poor sleep quality, recurrence and fear in people with rheumatoid arthritis and migraine during the COVID-19 epidemic. Factors such as female gender, age, rumination, marital status, income, education and disease severity were significantly associated with patientschr('39') psychological health. The results of the studies showed that receiving social support, having physical activity, job and proper lifestyle led to improving the quality of life and mental health of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and migraine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Given that Coronavirus 2019 is still mutating and the psychosocial health of patients has been severely damaged. It is necessary to take measures such as tele-mentalhealth to improve the mental health of patients in order to prevent recurrence of the disease and progressive problems.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Migraine}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {44-59}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5607-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5607-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {ghazi, ahmad and yosefian, mahzad and zandyan, hamed and habibzadeh, elham}, title = {Comparison of the Effect of Intrathecal Bupivacaine with Intrathecal Ropivacaine on Hemodynamic of Patients under Elective Caesarean Section}, abstract ={Background and Objectives: The correct management of delivery and anesthesia hs important for maternal and fetal health outcome during cesarean section. The aim of this study was to compare the effect os spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and ropivacaine on the hemodynamic parameters of pregnant women during cesarean section. Methods: This study was a randomized double blinded clinical trial on 76 women aged 18-40 years, ASA 1&2 were admitted for elective cesarean section. Patients allocated into two equal groups (n=38). Spinal anesthesia was applied by 12.5 mg bupivacaine (group R) & 17.5 mg ropivacaine (group B). The hemodynamic parameters, demographic variables and other variables were recorded during the operation. The statistical analysis was applied by ANOVA using SPSS 16.00 software. Results: Two groups were similar regarding Age, ASA,Cause of cesarean section. Mean of systolic blood pressure and Time of reach to adequate anesthesia (T4 level)in Bupivacaine group and Time of decrease of anesthesia level (T10), Rate of nausea&vomiting,  Rate of hypotention and Use of ephedrine in Ropivacaine group were lower significantly (Pvalue<0.05). The rate of surgeonchr('39')s satisfaction was better in Bupivacaine group. Heart rate, MAP, Rate of bradycardia and Chilling were not significantly different among two groups. Conclusion:Intrathecal Ropivacaine provides stable blood pressure inWomen undergoing cesarean section and Recovery time is shorter than Intrathecal Bupivacaine.}, Keywords = {Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Intrathecal anesthesia, cesarean section.}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {60-71}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5588-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5588-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Shirazi, Manouchehr and Alipour, Violet and Alipour, Vi}, title = {Psychological Empowerment Strategies in Chronic Pain Management: A grounded Theory Study}, abstract ={Background and Aim: With respect to the rising trend of chronic pain and needing for pay attention to the psychological dimensions of chronic pain, identifying practical strategies for psychological empowerment in chronic pain management process is high importance. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the   psychological empowerment strategies in chronic pain management from health care providers and patients’ viewpoint.   Materials and Methods: The grounded theory approach was applied in this qualitative study.  Semi-structured interviews and observation of participants as the main methods for data collection was used. 15 members of the health care providers had a greater relationship with the psychotic dimensions of chronic pain management and 6 patient with chronic pain participated with purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Sampling was continued until data saturation and data analysis was performed concurrently with data gathering based on Corbin and Strauss’s proposed method. Data validity was confirmed via Lincoln and Gubba’s approach.   Results:  The theme of “facing pain” was identified as the main approach in psychological empowerment, which consisted of two subthemes of pain experience and resilience. In this regard, the subthemes of pain experience were obtained from the subcategories of coping strategies and openness to pain. The two subcategories of ambiguity tolerance and self-efficacy also created the resilience sub theme. Interactions between experiencing pain and resilience can lead to facing pain.   Conclusion: Identyfieng and using of applicable and appropriate strategies such as facing pain for psychological empowerment can be improve chronic pain management and also reduce the challenges of health care providers, client and family in chronic pain management.}, Keywords = {Psychological Empowerment ؛Chronic Pain Management ؛ grounded Theory Study}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {72-86}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5608-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5608-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {basharpoor, sajjad and taghizadehhir, sara and fattahzadehardalani, ghasem}, title = {Comparison of Anxiety Sensitivity, Alexithymia and Sleep quality in Patients with Migraine and Normal people}, abstract ={Aims and Background: Migraine as one of the most common types of headaches with high prevalence has significant impact on the lives of patients. The current study aimed to compare the anxiety sensitivity, alexithymia and sleep quality in patients with migraine headache and normal people. Methods and Materials: The current study is casual-comparative research. The statistical population of this study was all patients with migraine headache, who were referred to the neurology clinic of Ardabil in 2020. 65 patients with migraine, who were referred to the neurology clinic of Ardabil and 65 people from normal people were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by anxiety sensitivity inventory-revised, Toronto alexithymia scale-20 and Pittsburgh sleep quality index and were analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance analysis. Results: Findings indicated that there is significant difference between the anxiety sensitivity, alexithymia and sleep quality in patients with migraine and normal people (P< 0/05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that patients with migraine had more anxiety sensitivity and alexithymia and low sleep quality than normal ones. These findings indicate that physicians and psychotherapist should pay essential attention to the special psychological attributes of patients with migraine headache at the time of prevention and treatment.}, Keywords = {Anxiety Sensitivity, Alexithymia, sleep quality, Migraine}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {87-97}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5597-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5597-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {entezary, saeid reza and feyz, hamidresa and alebouyeh, mahmood and rahimzadeh, poupak and zamani, sar}, title = {comparison of the effect of continuous epidural block and contonuous paravertebral block on pain after total knee arthroplasty}, abstract ={Continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) is the most common local anesthesia technique used to control pain after Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). CEA has many side effects. Continuous paravertebral block is an effective method with fewer side effects in controlling TKA pain. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of this two methods on post-TKA pain.TKA patients were randomly divided into two groups (N = 19): A) CEB: Bupivacaine 0.25% was injected epiduraly by pump at 4 ml / hr during 24 hours after surgery. B) Continuous Lumbar Paravertebral Block (CLPB): all interventions were similar to group A, but by paravertebral catheter. Basic Mobility Scale (BMS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ( static and dynamic) four times (4, 8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery) were measured and recorded. Use of opioids and their complications were measured.Patients in the CLPB group experienced significantly less dynamic and static pain 4 and 8 hours after TKA than patients in the CEA group (p< 0.05). There was no side effects in patients in the CLPB group but,  patients in the CEA group experienced Nausea and Vomiting. No significant difference was observed for BMS and Muscular Strength in any of the follow-up stages between the two groups (P> 0.05).Continuous paravertebral block has equal efficacy in controlling pain in patients undergoing TKA surgery compared to continuous epidural block. Due to, lack of complications it can be considered as a suitable alternative in TKA patients.}, Keywords = {continuous epidural block,continuous paravertebral block,total knee arthroplasty}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {98-111}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5604-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5604-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2022} }