@article{ author = {Imani, Farnad and Abolhasan-gharehdaghi, Fari}, title = {Review articles: Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy in fibromyalgia and myofacial pain syndrome}, abstract ={Background: Myofacialpain syndrome and fibromyalgia are two painful  clinical disorders of soft tissues that encountered to pain specialists. Low level laser therapy is  one of the non-pharmacological treatment modalityseems controversial.  Aim of this review articles is to investigate of  the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in fibromyalgia  and myofacial  pain patients in the literature.Methods: A comprehensive evaluation of the literature relating to LLLT in fibromyalgia and myofacial pain syndrome patients was performed. 34 articles allocated for this studyThe time frame covered was 2000 to 2010. Not only the journals of laser therapy allocated for this study, but alsovarieties of journals of medicine specialties selected for avoidance of bias error.Results: From 34 articles, 13 articles supported, the efficacy of low level  laser therapy in pain score, in 12 studies there was no difference between (LLLT) and placebo and did not study for pain criteria in  9 studies. In case of the number of trigger points, 2 studies supported, the efficacy of(LLLT), there was no difference  between (LLLT) and placebo in  5 studies and did not study for number of trigger points in 9 studies. For patient;aposs quality of life, (LLLT) significantly improved of this criteria in 10 studies,there was no difference between (LLLT) and placebo in 7 studies and did not study for patient;aposs quality of life in 7studies.  The increased levels of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy indol acetic acid, reported in one sudy.Conclusion: This study revealed that, application of LLLT was effective in pain relief, improvement of functional ability  and   patient;aposs quality of life and number of trigger points in 15 studies. However, no significant differences were obtained between placebo and LLLT in 6 studies. In conclusion, although the laser therapy has no superiority over placebo in few groups in this study, we cannot exclude the possibility of effectivity of LLLT in fibromyalgia and myofacialpian syndrome patients. We recommended another treatment regimen including different laser wavelengths and dosages (different intensity and density and/or treatment interval) for this aim.}, Keywords = {Low level laser therapy,fibromyalgia,myofacial pain syndrome,pain}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Taghipor­anvari, Zahra and Sheibani, Shima and Imani, Farnad and Sheibani, Shadi}, title = {Comparison of three Oral Premedication Dextrometorphan, Diphenhydramine and Midazolam in Pediatric Eye Exam under Anesthesia}, abstract ={Background: The pre anesthetic management and separation anxiety of infants and children can be a challenge for the anesthesiologist. In this study we compared the effects of dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine and midazolam for this purpose.Methods: Ninety  1-6 year old patient candidate for Eye Examination Under Anesthesia (EUA) were randomly assigned into one of 3 groups receiving Diphenhydramine syrup(1mg/kg) , Dextromethorphan syrup (1mg/kg) or oral Midazolam (0.3mg/kg) 20 to 30 minutes before entering into the operating room, and were evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. Sedation score was evaluated 1)at 20 minutes after premedication and with the child untouched, 2)on separation from parents, 3)during mask induction and IV line insertion and 4)15 minutes from the beginning of recovery. Duration of anesthesia and recovery were considered too. One way ANOVA and repeated measurement of analysis was used for data analysis. Results: sedation scores before the child getting touched were significantly better for group dextromethorphan (p = o.o4). There was no statistically significant difference among groups on separation from parents (p=0.348). Sedation scores were significantly better in Dextromethorphan group during induction of anesthesia and in the recovery too (p=0.002 and p=0.001 respectively). There were no significant differences among groups in duration of anesthesia and recovery.Conclusions: Our finding showed that dextromethorphan can provide an acceptable level of sedation and anxiolysis in children without increasing the recovery time and is comparable to midazolam, as a routine premedication in this setting.  }, Keywords = {Premedication,pediatric anesthesia,midazolam,dextromethorphan HBR,diphenhydramine HCl}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {9-17}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abbasi, Hamid-reza and Ayatolahi, Vida and Behdad, Shekufeh and Zareh, Habib and Dehghan-­­­­­tazarjani, Mohamad and Heyranizadeh, Najmeh}, title = {Comparison of General Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia on Maternal and Neonatal Central Temperature during Cesarean Section}, abstract ={Background: Hypothermia is the most common complication of general and neuroaxial anesthesia. In previous studies, the effects of anesthesia on the temperature were assessed in different surgeries.  In this study we evaluated the effects of general and spinal anesthesia on the core temperature of the mother and neonate in cesarean section. Methods: Eighty pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive general or spinal anesthesia. Maternal core temperature was measured five times with a digital ear thermometer just before anesthesia, at the beginning of surgery, after delivery, 30 and 60 minutes after the end of the operation. In addition, umbilical vein blood was sampled for pH. The rectal temperatures of the babies were recorded immediately after delivery by rectal probe, and Apgar scores were determined 1 and 5 min after birth.Results :There were no differences between maternal and newborn temperatures in different times in both groups, but, the umbilical vein pH value were lower in the spinal anesthesia group. Temperature of the operating room was 26 and recovery was 20.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, spinal and general anesthesia have similar effects on core temperatures in mothers underwent cesarean section.}, Keywords = {Spinal anesthesia,general anesthesia,caesarian,hypothermia}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {18-26}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mirkheshti, Ali-reza and Aryani, Mohammad-reza and Dabbagh, Ali and Jabbary-moghaddam, Morteza and Razavi, Seyyed-Sajjad and Elyasi, Hedayatollah and Mohammadi-tofigh, Arash}, title = {Comparison of Magnesium Sulfate and Paracetamol in Analgesic Effect and Venous Blood Gas Alterations during Intravenous Regional Anesthesia with Lidocaine}, abstract ={Background: Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is an efficient method for short-term procedures of the upper extremities. Some defects are associated with IVRA including tourniquet-related pain and insufficient duration of the anesthesia. The main purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of adding paracetamol or magnesium sulfate to lidocaine in IVRA on pain, venous blood gasses (VBG) and sensory and motor block.Methods: There were 90 patients contributed in the current study. Patients were divided into paracetamol (P), magnesium sulfate (Mg) and control (C) groups, randomly. Severity of the pain, time interval between the injection and onset of the sensory and motor block, duration of the sensory and motor block and the changes of VBG were measured.Results: The onset of the sensory and motor block was reduced significantly in Mg group (p<0.05). There was a meaningful increase in the motor block duration in Mg group in relation to C group (p<0.05), but no statistically significant difference between Mg and P groups. Also, there was no meaningful difference between C and P groups in the means of onset of block and block duration. Neither MgSO4 nor paracetamol decreased the tourniquet-related pain. The changes of VBG were significantly lesser in the P group.Conclusion:  Adding MgSO4 to lidocaine improves the sensory and motor block in the IVRA. In other hand, paracetamol prevents ischemic changes to occur. None of these drugs are helpful to relief the tourniquet-related pain.}, Keywords = {Intravenous regional anesthesia,lidocaine, paracetamol,magnesium sulfate,sensory block,motor block,venous blood gasses}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-37}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ebrahim-soltani, Ali-reza and Maleki, Anahid and Goodarzi, Mehrdad and Afkham, Khosro and Akhoondzadeh, Shahin and Kazemi, Hadi and Arbabi, Shahriar and Peyro, Abdollah}, title = {The Evaluation of Blood Glucose and Serum Electrolyte changes before and after Electroconvulsive Therapy under General Anesthesia}, abstract ={Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in the treatment of various medicalconditions such as severe depression, mainly in situations where the patient does not respondeffectively to drug treatment and during pregnancy where drug intake can result in severecomplication for fetus. ECT  carried out under general anesthesia, therefore before ECT some physical exam and some lab data is necessary. Patients who are ECT candidates also include diabetic patients which renders the study of the effect of ECT on blood glucose and serum electrolyte level significantly important.Methods: Blood sample were taken from patients before induction of anesthesia. After 30 seconds preoxygenation anesthesia was induced by making use of sodium thiopental and succiniylcholine .20 minutes after ECT, the second blood samples were taken. The resulting data was gathered and then subjected to statistical analysis.Results: To investigate changes in blood sugar and serum electrolytes level in 70 patients who were subjected to ECT, significant changes were noted in pre and post ECT in glucose between men and  women and sodium in men and women and potassium in men. But no significant changes were noted in pre and post ECT calcium level and in potassium level in women.Conclusion: ECT carried out under general anesthesia therefore pre ECT physical exam andblood samples are required. Electrolytes change under ECT, therefore attention to theseelectrolytes specially sodium and potassium  are important}, Keywords = {Blood glucose change,serum electrolytes,electroconvulsion therapy}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {38-42}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Dalili, Amir-reza and Mardani-­kivi, Mohsen and Alizadeh, Ahmad and Hatamian, Hamid-reza and Hoseininejad, Mozaffar and Peyrazm, Hamid and Saheb-ekhtiari, Khashayar and Hashemi-motlagh, Keyv}, title = {Comparison between Sonography and Electrodiagnostic Testing in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome }, abstract ={Background: Progress in high-contrast ultrasound technology in recent years brought more attention to its rule in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of sonography in the diagnosis of CTS and its relationship with disease severity.Methods: In this prospective study, 100 patients who had unilateral upper extremity involvement were studied. All patients were initially undergone electro diagnostic test and the test was assumed as the gold standard. Afterwards the cross-sectional area and anteroposterior diameter of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel inlet and outlet and the thickness of the flexor retinaculum were measured by ultrasound in all patients. Relationships between ultrasound and electro diagnostic findings were evaluated using SPSS software ver. 19th.Results: Patients included 84 women and 16 men in the age range 19 to 72 years (mean age 44.43 ± 12.05 years). Among the criteria evaluated, the proximal and distal cross sectional area of the nerve showed significant correlation with disease diagnosis (P= 0.018 and P= 0.022 respectively). In addition, significant relationship was found between mentioned two criteria and the severity of the disease (P<0.05 both). The best cut-off point at the proximal cross sectional area was 9.45 mm2 in which the sensitivity was 78.9%, specificity was 82.8%, positive predictive value was 91.8% and negative predictive value was 61.5%.Conclusion: The present study indicated that evaluating the cross sectional area of the median nerve using ultrasound at the carpal tunnel inlet is useful in diagnosing CTS. According to its high sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value, it is not only useful in diagnosing suspected patients but also can be useful in screening the population at risk.}, Keywords = {Carpal Tunnel Syndrome,ultrasonography,electrodiagnosis}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohammadzadeh, Ali and Haghighi, Mohammad and Amir-alavi, Sirous and Naderi-nabi, Bahram and Mohammadzadeh, Ali and Nekoofard, Majid and Abad, Mohse}, title = {A Comparison of Effects of Alfentanil, Magnesium Sulfate and Ketamin on Reduction the Pain during Propofol Injection}, abstract ={Background: Propofol is one of the most common drugs used in anesthesia induction and the pain during its intravenous injection is the most important and another side effect of it. Therefore a lot of methods and drugs are examined to reduce or eliminate this side effect. In this study the effects of Alfentanil, Magnesium sulfate and Ketamin drugs on reducing of pain during intravenous injection of propofol are investigated. Methods: This study was performed on 220 patients who were under orthopedic surgery in Poursina hospital in 2010. The intensity of propofol intravenous injection pain is measured after using premedication by VAS, result is analyzed by SPSS v16 software under Chi square and PostHoc exams.Results: According to data and variance analysis statistic exam ANOVA it is definded that after propofol injection there is a meaningful difference in quantity of VAS among studied groups (Chi square = 49.78 and df = 3 and P0.05).Conclusion: Despite reduction the propofol intravenous injection pain in three studies drugs in this thesis, there is no preference among them.}, Keywords = {Alfentanil,anesthesia,general,infusion,parenteral,ketamine,magnesium sulfate,pain,Propofol}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {52-58}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Imani, Farnad and Entezary, Saeid-­­reza and Alebouyeh, Mahmoud­-reza and Faiz, Hamid­-reza and Nikpour, Karim}, title = {Comparing the Analgesic Effects of adding Ketamine to Morphine with Tramadol after Major Abdominal Surgery under General Anesthesia}, abstract ={Background: Postoperative pain control is one of the problems for these patients. Opioid agents are the most important analgesics which commonly used for postoperative pain control. There are several trials for reducing the doses of opioids. It seems addition of ketamine to the opioids other than postoperative pain relief, reduces the total opioid consumption. The goal of this study was evaluation of postoperative analgesic effects of adding ketamine to morphine and tramadol after major abdominal surgery. Methods: Eighty patients candidate for major abdominal surgery under similar general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Postoperative pain was managed by iv patient controlled analgesia (PCA) for aal patients. After the end of surgery, they were randomly allocated into the 1) morphine (M), 2) tramadol (T), 3) ketamine and morphine (KM), and 4) ketamine and tramadol (KT) groups. Analgesic solution in PCA in M group was morphine (0.2 mg/ml), in T group was tramadol (2 mg/ml), in KM group was ketamine (2 mg/ml) and morphine (0.2 mg/ml), and in KT group was ketamine (2 mg/ml) and tramadol (2 mg/ml). Visual analogue scale (VAS), total opioid consumption, complications, and satisfaction were measured and recorded for during the first 24 hours after surgery. Results: Demographic data was not differences between groups. Pain score in early period (1st and 6th hours) was significantly lower in KM group than the others. Furthermore, addition of ketamine significantly reduced total morphine and tramadol consumption. No side effects were observed in the all groups. Conclusions: Our finding showed that addition of ketamine to morphine could reduce pain score and total opioid consumption after major abdominal surgery.}, Keywords = {Pain score,major abdominal surgery,ketamine,tramadol,morphine}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {59-68}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Almasi-nokiani, Fariba and Rahimzadeh, Poupak and Faiz, Hamid-reza and Akbari, Hossein and Almasi, Ali-reza and Asadolah, Sar}, title = {Case Report: Anesthesia management for hysterotomy in a case of Morquio\'s syndrome }, abstract ={Morquio's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease. It is from mucopolysacaridosis group disease and it's obvious clinical signs are severe skeletal dysplasia and normal intelligence. Deposition of keratan sulfate in different tissues is seen and with progression of the disease, connective tissue of cornea, airways, lung and heart valves will be involved. In this article we present a case of Morquio's rare syndrome that we terminated the pregnancy due to severe respiratory distress of mother and also we present the anesthesia management of this case.}, Keywords = {Anesthesia,pregnancy,Morquio syndrome}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Imani, Farnad and Abolhasan-gharehdaghi, Fari}, title = {Review articles: Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy in fibromyalgia and myofacial pain syndrome}, abstract ={Background: Myofacialpain syndrome and fibromyalgia are two painful  clinical disorders of soft tissues that encountered to pain specialists. Low level laser therapy is  one of the non-pharmacological treatment modalityseems controversial.  Aim of this review articles is to investigate of  the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in fibromyalgia  and myofacial  pain patients in the literature.Methods: A comprehensive evaluation of the literature relating to LLLT in fibromyalgia and myofacial pain syndrome patients was performed. 34 articles allocated for this studyThe time frame covered was 2000 to 2010. Not only the journals of laser therapy allocated for this study, but alsovarieties of journals of medicine specialties selected for avoidance of bias error.Results: From 34 articles, 13 articles supported, the efficacy of low level  laser therapy in pain score, in 12 studies there was no difference between (LLLT) and placebo and did not study for pain criteria in  9 studies. In case of the number of trigger points, 2 studies supported, the efficacy of(LLLT), there was no difference  between (LLLT) and placebo in  5 studies and did not study for number of trigger points in 9 studies. For patient's quality of life, (LLLT) significantly improved of this criteria in 10 studies,there was no difference between (LLLT) and placebo in 7 studies and did not study for patient's quality of life in 7studies.  The increased levels of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan and 5-hydroxy indol acetic acid, reported in one sudy.Conclusion: This study revealed that, application of LLLT was effective in pain relief, improvement of functional ability  and   patient's quality of life and number of trigger points in 15 studies. However, no significant differences were obtained between placebo and LLLT in 6 studies. In conclusion, although the laser therapy has no superiority over placebo in few groups in this study, we cannot exclude the possibility of effectivity of LLLT in fibromyalgia and myofacialpian syndrome patients. We recommended another treatment regimen including different laser wavelengths and dosages (different intensity and density and/or treatment interval) for this aim.}, Keywords = {Low level laser therapy,fibromyalgia,myofacial pain syndrome,pain}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {75-86}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2011} }