@article{ 
author = {ashoury, hossie},  
title = {A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation for Improving Functional Outcomes and Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction Hossein Ashoury 1}, 
abstract ={background and Aim: Return to sport (RTS) rates following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) remain suboptimal, often due to persistent functional deficits and psychological barriers. Virtual reality (VR) offers a novel modality for enhancing neuromuscular control, cognitive engagement, and rehabilitation adherence. This research systematically evaluated data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) to determine the comparative effectiveness of VR exercises against traditional rehabilitation methods on an athlete's physical knee function, mental confidence, and successful return to sport after ACL reconstruction. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2015 to April 2024. Included studies were RCTs that compared VR-based rehabilitation to conventional physiotherapy in athletes following ACLR. Primary outcomes assessed were functional performance (e.g., hop tests, balance), patient-reported scores International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and RTS rates. To assess the risk of bias, Cochrane RoB 2 was used and the quality of the articles was assessed by the Pedro scale. Results: Six RCT involving 248 participants met the inclusion criteria. The VR interventions varied from fully immersive gaming to augmented reality biofeedback, with protocols ranging from 4 to 12 weeks. Meta-analysis was not feasible due to clinical heterogeneity. The findings consistently demonstrated that VR groups achieved significantly greater improvements in dynamic postural control (Star Excursion Balance Test), single-leg hop for distance, and IKDC scores compared to control groups. Two studies reported significantly higher RTS rates and greater psychological readiness to return to sport in the VR group at 6- and 9-month follow-ups. Conclusion: VR-based rehabilitation appears to be a superior adjunct to conventional physiotherapy for improving functional performance, patient-reported outcomes, and potentially RTS rates after ACLR. Its benefits are likely mediated through enhanced neuromuscular control, proprioception, and cognitive engagement. Further high-quality RCT with standardized VR protocols and long-term follow-up are warranted to solidify these findings.  },  
Keywords = {virtual Reality, Return to Sport, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Sport Rehabilitation, ​​​​​​​},
volume = {16},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {1-14}, 
publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine},
url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5803-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5803-en.pdf},  
journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain},  
issn = {2228-6659}, 
eissn = {2322-3324}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Norouzi, Asghar and Zamani, Maryam and Hosseini, Seyed Hamze},  
title = {Examining the role of chronic pain acceptance, pain catastrophizing, and sleep quality on the working memory performance of individuals with fibromyalgia}, 
abstract ={Aim and background: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a chronic musculoskeletal pain condition characterized by widespread pain, sleep disturbances, fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and emotional challenges. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of chronic pain acceptance, pain catastrophizing, and sleep quality in predicting working memory performance in individuals with fibromyalgia. Material and Method: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, of the correlational (regression) type. The statistical population consisted of patients with fibromyalgia who visited private offices, from which 100 were selected non-randomly and purposefully. Data were collected through the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (P-CPAQ), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Wechsler Working Memory Test (WAIS-IV). The data were then analyzed using SPSS software version 27 and generalized linear regression (GLM). Results: The results of the Spearman's correlation test with a significance level of 0.05 showed no significant relationship between chronic pain acceptance (r = -0.078, p-value = 0.768), pain catastrophizing (r = -0.152, p-value = 0.289), and sleep quality (r = -0.175, p-value = 0.114) with working memory performance. The GLM model also did not confirm any significant effect of these variables on working memory performance. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that other factors, such as neuroinflammation or mood disorders, may play a more prominent role in the cognitive impairments of these patients.  },  
Keywords = {Fibromyalgia syndrome, pain acceptance, pain catastrophizing, sleep quality, working memory performance, generalized linear regression},
volume = {16},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {15-29}, 
publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine},
url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5804-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5804-en.pdf},  
journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain},  
issn = {2228-6659}, 
eissn = {2322-3324}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Pesaraklou, Raziye and Pesaraklou, Fateme and Pesaraklou, Roghaye and Aghili, Mojtab},  
title = {Comparison of the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Compassion-Based Therapy on Health Anxiety and Pain Coping Strategies in Patients with Migraine}, 
abstract ={Background and Objective: Pain is the most common reason for patients to visit a doctor. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and compassion-based therapy on health anxiety and pain coping strategies in patients with migraine. Material and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the study was patients with migraine headaches who referred to a neurologist in Gonbad-Kavoos in the first half of 2024. 45 people were selected purposively and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (15 people in each group). The experimental groups underwent 8 60-minute sessions of schema therapy and compassion-based therapy, and the control group did not receive treatment during this period. The research instruments were the health anxiety questionnaires of Salkowski et al. (2002) and the pain coping strategies of Rosenshil and Keefe (1983). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS version 24. Results: The results showed that both interventions reduced health anxiety and increased pain coping strategies in patients with migraine (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatment methods in this regard, in other words, schema therapy was more effective on pain coping strategies and compassion-based therapy was more effective on health anxiety in patients with migraine (P<0.05). Results: According to the research findings, schema therapy and compassion-based therapy can be used to improve health anxiety and increase adaptive pain coping strategies in patients with migraine.},  
Keywords = {schema therapy, compassion-based therapy, health anxiety, pain coping strategies, migraine.},
volume = {16},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {30-42}, 
publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine},
url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5805-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5805-en.pdf},  
journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain},  
issn = {2228-6659}, 
eissn = {2322-3324}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Shaghaghi, Farzaneh},  
title = {The Effectiveness of Emotion- focused Couple Therapy on Forgiveness and Chronic Pain of Women Affected by Marital Infidelity}, 
abstract ={Aims and background: Considering the value and status of the family institution, special attention should be paid to the problems of women affected by marital infidelity. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion- focused couple therapy (EFCT) on forgiveness and chronic pain of women affected by marital infidelity. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow-up control group design. The statistical population consisted of women affected by marital infidelity in Tabriz city in 2025. In total, 30 people were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 people in each group). Members of experimental group received their treatment in 10 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. The measurement tools include were Rye et al's forgiveness and McGill's chronic pain questionnaires. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test. Results: The results in the post-test showed that emotion- focused couple therapy increased and decreased forgiveness and chronic pain in women affected by marital infidelity, compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). The effect of emotion- focused couple therapy on forgiveness and chronic pain was lasting in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that emotion- focused couple therapy can increase the forgiveness and decreased chronic pain of women affected by marital infidelity, so it can probably be a useful therapeutic strategy to improve the marital relationship of women affected by marital infidelity.  },  
Keywords = {Emotion- focused Couple Therapy, Forgiveness, Chronic Pain, Marital Infidelity},
volume = {16},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {43-53}, 
publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine},
url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5806-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5806-en.pdf},  
journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain},  
issn = {2228-6659}, 
eissn = {2322-3324}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {MiraliBidakhavidi, Yahyav and Aghaei, Rasoul},  
title = {Effect of Solution-focused Brief Couple Therapy on Marital burnout and Chronic Pain of Couples Involved in Emotional Divorce}, 
abstract ={Aims and background: Considering the value and position of the family institution, special attention should be paid to the problems of couples. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of solution-focused brief couple therapy (SFBCT) on marital burnout and chronic pain of couples involved in emotional divorce. Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow-up control group design. The statistical population was formed by couples who referred to Qom counseling centers in 2025. In total, 16 couples were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (8 couples in each group). Members of both experimental group received their treatment in 6 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. The measurement tools were Guttman's Emotional Divorce, Pines' marital burnout and McGill's chronic pain Questionnaire. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test. Results: The results showed that, compared to the control group, SFBCT decreased marital burnout and chronic pain of couples involved in emotional divorce in the post-test (P<0.001). The effect of SFBCT on marital burnout and chronic pain was lasting in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that solution-focused brief couple therapy can reduce marital burnout and chronic pain of couples involved in emotional divorce, so it can probably be a useful therapeutic strategy to improve couples' relationships.  },  
Keywords = {Solution-focused Brief Couple Therapy, Marital Burnout, Chronic Pain, Emotional Divorce},
volume = {16},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {54-64}, 
publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine},
url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5807-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5807-en.pdf},  
journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain},  
issn = {2228-6659}, 
eissn = {2322-3324}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Jouyban, Mobin and BiglariKahlan, Mehdi and Ahdeno, Amirhossein and SmkhaniAkbarinejhad, Hadi},  
title = {Comparison the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy with Short-term Solution-focused Therapy on Pain Anxiety & Psychological Health in Patients with Chronic Headache}, 
abstract ={Aims and background: chronic headache affects psychological issues in addition to physical problems; Therefore, in addition to medical interventions, psychological interventions for this group of people should also be addressed. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with short-term solution-focused therapy (SSFT) on pain anxiety & psychological health in patients with chronic headache. Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of men suffering from chronic headache in Tabriz city in 2025. In total, 45 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and were randomly divided into three groups. The experimental groups received the treatment specific to their group in 8 and 6 1.5 hour sessions, respectively, but the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: There was no significant difference between the scores of pain anxiety & psychological health in the experimental and control groups in the pre-test (P<0.05). The results showed that MBCT and SSFT reduced and increased pain anxiety & psychological health in patients with chronic headache in the post-test, compared to the control group, respectively (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on pain anxiety  and psychological health at posttest and follow-up was not different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that these two treatments have reduced pain anxiety and increased the psychological health of chronic headache patients.  },  
Keywords = {Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy, Short-term Solution-focused Therapy, Pain Anxiety, Psychological Health, Chronic Headache},
volume = {16},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {65-77}, 
publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine},
url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5808-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5808-en.pdf},  
journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain},  
issn = {2228-6659}, 
eissn = {2322-3324}, 
year = {2026}  
}

@article{ 
author = {Koushanfar, Shayan and Ebrahimi, Yalda and Monadi, Kam},  
title = {The Effect of Group Schema Therapy on Resilience, Hopelessness, and Mental Well-Being in Patients with Chronic Pain in Hamadan}, 
abstract ={Abstract Background and Objective: Chronic pain can lead to reduced quality of life, increased stress, and impairment in daily functioning. Group-based therapeutic approaches, due to their social interaction and effectiveness in emotion regulation, can contribute to pain improvement. The present study aimed to examine the effect of group schema therapy on resilience, hopelessness, and mental well-being in patients with chronic pain in the city of Hamadan. Methods: This experimental research employed a pretest–posttest control group design with a follow-up stage. The statistical population consisted of all individuals suffering from chronic pain in Hamadan during the years 2023–2024. Sixty participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 30 participants each. The experimental group received 10 sessions of group schema therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Three months after the intervention ended, a follow-up assessment was conducted. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS version 26. Results: The findings indicated that group schema therapy had a significant effect on resilience, hopelessness, and mental well-being in patients with chronic pain in Hamadan. Moreover, results from the follow-up stage showed that the positive effects of group schema therapy on resilience, hopelessness, and mental well-being were sustained over time. Conclusion: Group schema therapy, as a cognitive–emotional intervention focusing on the restructuring and modification of negative thought patterns, enhances resilience, improves mental well-being, and reduces hopelessness in patients with chronic pain.},  
Keywords = {Schema Therapy, Resilience, Hopelessness, Mental Well-Being, Chronic Pain},
volume = {16},
Number = {4}, 
pages = {78-90}, 
publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine},
url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5810-en.html},  
eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5810-en.pdf},  
journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain},  
issn = {2228-6659}, 
eissn = {2322-3324}, 
year = {2026}  
}