fa مقایسه تاثیر تزریق بوپیوا کائین 0.5% با لیدوکائین  2 % جهت کنترل درد بیماران تحت عمل جراحی خارج کردن سنگ کلیه از طریق پوست ( PCNL ) عمومى General پژوهشي Original <h1 dir="rtl" style="text-justify: kashida text-align: justify text-kashida: 0% margin: 24pt 0cm 0pt"><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">زمینه و هدف: کنترل</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">درد</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">جهت</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">کفایت</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">عملکرد</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">تنفسی،</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">کاهش</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">موربیدیتی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">و</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">راحتی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">بیمار</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">پس</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">از</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">عمل</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">جراحی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">بسیار</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">مهم</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">است</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> . </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">این</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">مطالعه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">اثرات</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">بوپیواکائین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> 5/0 % </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">و</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">لیدو</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">کائین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> 2% </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">را</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">مقایسه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">با</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">نرمال</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">سالین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">جهت</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">کنترل</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">درد</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">پس</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">از</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">جراحی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">سنگ</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">کلیه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">از</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">طریق</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">پوست</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> ( </span><span style="font-family: Cambria"><span dir="ltr" style="line-height: 115% font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: &aposB Nazanin&apos">PCNL</span></span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> ) </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">بررسی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: ">گردید</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "> . </span></h1> <h1 dir="rtl" style="text-justify: kashida text-align: justify line-height: normal text-kashida: 0% margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt mso-add-space: auto"><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">مواد</span><span b="" style="color: black font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "><span style="font-family: Cambria"> </span></span><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">و</span><span b="" style="color: black font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "><span style="font-family: Cambria"> </span></span><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">روش</span><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">&shy;</span><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">ها</span><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">:</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">یک</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">کار</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">آزمایی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بالینی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">دو</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">سویه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">کور</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">،</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> 60 </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بیمار</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">سه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گروه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">مورد</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بررسی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">قرار</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گرفتند</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> . </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گروه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">اول</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بوپیواکائین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> 5/0 </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">که</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">با</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">نرمال</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">سالین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">حجم</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">آن</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">به</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">2</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">0 </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میلی&shy;لیتر</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">رسیده</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بود</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">،</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">5</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میلی&shy;لیتر در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">پوست</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">محل</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">برش</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">جراحی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">و</span>^{<span dir="ltr" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: &aposB Nazanin&apos"><span style="font-family: Cambria"> </span></span>}<span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">15 </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میلی&shy;لیتر </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">باقیمانده</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">مسیر</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">لوله</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">نفروستومی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">تزریق</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گردید</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> . </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گروه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">دوم</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">داروی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">لیدوکائین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> 2% </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">به</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میزان4</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">به</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">همان</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">روش</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">قبلی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">،</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">و</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گروه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">سوم</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">نرمال</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">سالین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">تزریق</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گردید</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> . </span><span style="font-family: Cambria"><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: &aposB Nazanin&apos">VAS</span></span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">ساعت</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">های</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> 0- 3- 6- 9- 12- 15 </span><span 12pt="" cambria="" font-size:="" major-latin="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-theme-font:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" mso-hansi-theme-font:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">&ndash;</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> 18 </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">پس</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">از</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">عمل</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">برای</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">تخمین</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">شدت</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">درد</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بیماران</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">اندازه</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گرفته شد</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>05/0 </span><span style="font-family: Cambria"><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: &aposB Nazanin&apos">P < </span></span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">معنی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">&shy;</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">دار</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">تلقی</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گردید</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> . </span></h1> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="text-justify: kashida text-align: justify line-height: normal text-kashida: 0% margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">یافته ها</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" black="" color:="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">:</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میانگین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: &aposB Nazanin&apos">VAS</span></strong></span><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">ساعت</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">های</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> 0-3-6 </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گروه</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بوپیواکائین </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">و</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">لیدوکائین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">کمتر از گروه</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">نرمال</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">سالین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بود (</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">05/0 </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: &aposB Nazanin&apos">P < </span></strong></span><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">)</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">. </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">میانگین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">زمان</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">تزریق</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">اولین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">مقدار</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">پتیدین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">در</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گروه</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بوپیواکائین و</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">لیدوکائین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">بیشتر از </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">گروه</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">نرمال</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">سالین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: "> بود. (</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">05/0 </span></strong><span style="font-family: Calibri"><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: &aposB Nazanin&apos">P <</span></strong></span><strong><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">)</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="text-justify: kashida text-align: justify line-height: normal text-kashida: 0% margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">نتیجه</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> :<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">تزریق</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> 5/0 % </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">و</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">کائین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">مسیر</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">نفروستومی</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">موثرتر</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">تزریق</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">سالین</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">محل</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">کنترل</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">پس</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">جراحی</span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" span="" style="font-family: "> </span></strong><strong><span 12pt="" b="" courier="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: ">است</span></strong><strong><span style=&quot;font-family: &quot; b=&quot;&quot; nazanin&quot;=&quot;&quot; font-size:=&quot;&quot; 12pt=&quot;&quot; mso-ascii-font-family:=&quot;&quot; &quot;b=&quot;&quot; mso-hansi-font-family:=&quot;&quot; &quot;courier=&quot;&quot; new&quot;&quot;=&quot;&quot;> . </strong></p> <p align="left"></p> <p align="left"></p> <p align="left"></p> <p></p> <p align="left"><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">&nbsp;</font></p> <p align="left"></p> <p align="left"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">&nbsp;</font></span></p> <p align="left"></p> <p align="left"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">&nbsp;</font></span></p> <p align="left"></p> <p align="left"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">&nbsp;</font></span></p> <p align="left"></p> <p></p> <p align="left"></p> <p align="left"></p> <p></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">Aim and Background:</font></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT">Controlling pain in the post-operative period is still one of the </span></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong>challenging issues for anaesthesiologists as it tremendously helps patients to return to their daily</strong></p> <p align="left"><strong>life as soon as possible. In this survey we have tried to compare the efficacy of %0.5 bupivacaine</strong></p> <p align="left"><strong>and %2 lidocaine with normal saline for controlling pain after PCNL.</strong></p> <p></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><strong><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">Methods and Materials:</font></strong></span></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT">In a double blind clinical trial, 60 patients were enrolled being divided </span></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong>into 3 groups. %0.5 Bupivacaine in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg diluted in 20 cc normal saline was</strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong>injected, into the insertion site and also the tract of the PCNL probe in group one. In our second</strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong>group, %2 lidocaine (4mg/kg) diluted in 20 cc normal saline, and in the third group, just 20cc NS</strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong>were injected in the same manner and direction. VAS was measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18</strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong>hours post-operatively in order to evaluate pain control.</strong></strong></p> <p></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><strong><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">Findings:</font></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT">The mean VAS measured 0, 3, and 6 hours post-operatively in the bupivacaine and </span></strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong>lidocaine groups was less than the normal saline group (P<0/05). The average time to injection of</strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong>the first dose of pethedine was longer in the bupivacaine and lidocaine groups than the normal</strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong>saline group. (p<0/05).</strong></strong></strong></p> <p></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT"><strong><font face="TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT">Conclusions:</font></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT">Injection of 0. 5% bupivacaine and %2 lidocaine in the puncture site of PCNL is<font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT"> </font></span></strong></strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><strong><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT">effective for pain control after PCNL surgery according to our results.</font></strong></strong></strong></strong></p> <p></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></strong></strong></strong></p> <p align="left"><strong><strong><strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong></strong></strong></strong></p> <p></p> <p></p> 74 0 http://jap.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-25-13&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hossein Khoshrang1, Seyedreza Akhavan2, Siavash Falahatkar3, Sirous Momenzadeh4*, Farshad Hassanzadeh‐kiabi5, Seyedsadjad Razavi6, Behnam Hosseini2 حسین خوشرنگ، سیدرضا اخوان، سیاوش فلاحت کار، سیروس مومن زاده، فرشاد حسن‌زاده‌کیابی، سید سجاد رضوی، بهنام حسینی 100319475328460013544 100319475328460013544 Yes