Aim and Background: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is one of the most important complications of general anesthesia. Prevention and specially management of this complication are still both challenging subjects for all anesthesiologists. In this case report beside case presentation we will discuss about comprehensive guidelines for prevention and management of this event.

Case report: This study presents a case of milk aspiration in a 6-year-old boy during induction of anesthesia for an elective surgery, which occurred because of incorrect parent-reported information about fasting time of the child. The operation has been continued after appropriate interventions and drainage of the milk. After the operation, he was extubated in the operating room and then was moved to the recovery room with O2 saturation of 95% on room air. After two days' stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), the patient was transferred to the pediatric ward with stable physiologic conditions.