@article{ author = {HelenGharaee, FarnadImani,}, title = {Regional anesthesia in children}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {PoupakRahimzadeh2*, Behzad Sadri1, Tabande Ghasemi 1,}, title = {The effect of transdermal TNG on the level of spinal anesthesia inknee arthroscopic surgery}, abstract ={Background and aims: One of the problems with the implementation of spinal anesthesia is not to achieve an appropriate sensory level and sensory level decline before the end of operation that can cause pain and stress for the patient and surgeon dissatisfaction.                                                                                              In this study, the effects of transdermal TNG on the level of spinal anesthesia in knee arthroscopy patients were investigated. Materials and methods: In a randomized clinical trial 46 patients randomly allocated in two groups of TNG or placebo. All of patients  were premedicated with 10 mg diazepam before operation and then spinal anesthesia was performed with 1.5cc lidocaine 5%. After 20 minutes, one group received a transdermal placebo and the second group received transdermal TNG.The level of sensory block was measured by a blunt needle and alcohol swab.                                                                Findings: After 20 minutes a two level increase of sensory level in 82.6% of patients in the  TNG group was observed but only 4.3%of the placebo group showed this raise. (p 0<0.05)                          Conclusion: In spinal anesthesia, transdermal TNG can increase the sensory level via some theoretical mechanisms.                                                                                                  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {4-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {FarnadImani, Ghodrat Akhavan-akbari, Ali Mohammadian-erdi,}, title = {The effects of adding ketamine to morphine in patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after orthopedic surgeries}, abstract ={Background and aims: A routine method to control post-operative pain is patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) using opioids. Regarding complications of opioids, it seems necessary to reduce their dosage and to improve the quality of analgesia using  adjuvants. We aimed  to assess the effect of adding ketamine to morphine in PCIA pumps for post-operative pain control in orthopedic patients.   Materials and method:                                                                                                                                                             Sixty patients, being 20-60 years old (ASA class I-II) and undergoing orthopedic surgery in lower extremity, were enrolled  They had no history of opioid addiction or epilepsy. Our patients were randomly allocated to three groups  20 mg morphine sulfate, 100 mg ketamine plus 20 mg morphine and  200 mg ketamine plus 10 mg morphine in their PCIA pump. The pain score was evaluated using VAS (0-10) and VRS (0-5) besides the sedation score and the degree of nausea-vomiting were assessed with Ramsay scale (0-5) and N&V score (1-4), respectively. All these measurements were performed 2, 4, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Findings: The incidence of  adverse drug reactions was not different among the three groups (p>0.05), but pain control was significantly better in the second and third group (ketamine plus morphine) in comparison with the first one (p<0.05). There was no difference in the quality of pain control between the second and the third groups. Also, the need for additional opioid was significantly reduced in the two latter groups compared with the first one (p<0.05). Conclusion: Adding ketamine to morphine in PCIA pumps would result in better pain control and less need for additional break-through analgesic.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {10-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {FarzaneAlamshahi3,ArminFateh4, Houshang Talebi 1, Afsane Norouzi1*, Shahin Fateh2,}, title = {Effect of preoperative gabapentin in reducing pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy}, abstract ={Background and aims: Although laparoscopy itself is a new step to improve the quality of different types of surgery, reducing their complications postoperative pain remains a major problem. This study compares the effects of low dose oral gabapentin with placebo to control postoperative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy . Materials and methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 70 patients aged 20-65 years old with ASA classes I and II, have been selected and divided into two groups. One hour before surgery, an oral capsule of 300 mg gabapentin and placebo have been given to the two groups, separately. All Patients underwent general anesthesia in a similar way. Pain plus nausea and vomiting were evaluated based on the visual pain scale and frequency, respectively. The interval for these assessments was every 2 to 6 hours after surgery and every 4 to 12 hours thereafter. Findings: The difference in Average pain intensity between placebo and gabapentin groups is statistically significant (P=0.000). This significant difference has also been shown in the reduced need for additional drug in the gabapentin group. The average severity of nausea and the frequency of vomiting were at the same time lower in the gabapentin group (P=0.000). Conclusion: Gabapentin can be effective in reducing pain after surgery and in various studies no major side effect has been reported. As a result, this drug can be used in various surgeries as an analgesic.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {16-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {AliRezaSoltanian4,MahshidNikooSeresht3, Mahmood safari1, Ladan Sedighi2, GHolamHossain Fallahi Nia1, Farshid Rahimi Bashar3,}, title = {The effectiveness of Behavioral Pain Scale in the assessment of pain in patients with low level of consciousness}, abstract ={Background and aims: Pain diagnosis is a frustrating effort especially due to the barriers in communication with patients in low level of consciousness therefore this study ,aimed at the evaluation of  utilizing BPS by nurses for patients who are unable to express their pain because of their low level of consciousness, has been designed. Materials and methods: This research is a semi-empirical study on sixty eight nurses chosen with a census method from the staff of ICU in selected hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The subjects’ abilities in diagnosis and determining the intensity of pain have been measured in three phases of resting, changing position and secretion suction in ICU patients before and after utilizing behavioral pain scale (BPS) Findings: In Resting phase %25.5 in BPS pre-training, %56 in BPS post training, in changing position phase %58 in BPS pre-training,%76 in post training , and in secretion suction phase %60 in BPS pre-training and %80 in BPS post training of the nurses were able to determine the pain intensity. After being trained, also the number of the nurses who reported the intensity of pain in the mentioned phases was increased compared to BPS pre-training. (P<0.05) Conclusion: The results of this study in utilizing BPS indicate that this scale has been effective in diagnosing and monitoring pain in patients with low levels of consciousness Therefore teaching and utilizing this kind of scale can be effective to raise the quality of medical treatment and pain management in ICU.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {22-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {RezaTavakkoliDarestani4, Sirous Momenzadeh1*, Shahram Sayadi2, Seyaedsadjad Razavi 3,}, title = {Comparison the outcomes of Infraclavicular Block utilizing combined Ultreasound and Neurostimulation with Neurostimulation Alone}, abstract ={Background and aims: Infraclavicular nerve block (ICNB) is one of the most efficacious peripheral nerve blocks for upper extremity procedures, associated with several potential complications. Recently, some authors have recommended ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block for ICNB. The current study is aimed to compare the outcomes of ICNB utilizing combined ultrasound guidance and neurostimulation with the outcomes of ICNB using neurostimulation   alone. Materials and methods: There were 60 patients, candidate for elective upper extremity surgery, who contributed in the current double-blinded randomized clinical trail. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the ICNB technique: combined ultrasound guidance and neurostimulation group (UN) and neurostimulation group (N). Finally, the procedure time, time interval between injection and drug effect, the rate of successful blocks, sensory and motor block duration, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean procedure time and the time interval between injection and drug effect were the same. We found significantly longer sensory (66.8±11.7 V.s 60.9±10.2 min p=0.04) and motor (57±11.4 V.s 50.8±10.4 min p=0.032) block duration in UN group. ICNB failed in 10 patients in the N group and 2 patients in the UN group (p=0.021). There were one patient with subcutaneous hematoma in the UN group and 3 patients in the N group. Conclusion: ICNB utilizing ultrasound guidance combined with neurostimulation is a safe and efficacious technique with a higher success rate compared to neurostimulation alone. Authors strongly recommend using ultrasound in infraclavicular nerve block.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {FarshadHassanzadeh-Kiabi4SeyedSadjadRazavi5, MahmoodReza Moradkhani1, Sirous Moemenzadeh*2, Fatemeh Neematollahi3,}, title = {Comparison of Pulsed Radiofrequency and Medial Branch Blockage in Controlling Facet-Originating Low Back Pain}, abstract ={Background and aims:  Using methods such as pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and nerve blocks are among the methods used in pain clinics to treat facet-originating low back pain. This study compares two methods of pulsed radiofrequency and facet joint block (FJB)regarding pain recovery and improving disability of patients suffering from facet-originating low back pain. Material and Method: 50 patients with low back pain and positive response to diagnostic nerve block test with 0.5 ml of 2% lidocaine in L1-L3 and L3-L5 were included The patients were  randomly assigned to two groups of either pulsed radiofrequency at a temperature below 40 degrees or facet joint nerve block. Demographic data including age, sex, pain intensity (based on VAS), motor ability (based on ODI) and patient satisfaction (0 = none, 10= Excellent) before the treatment and at weeks 6 and 12 thereafter were recorded. Findings: Patients’ pain and ODI significantly improved in PRF group compared with FJB group at week 6 and 12 (p<0/05).  Patients’ satisfaction in PRF group at week 6 and 12 was significantly more than the FJB group (p<0/05). Using analgesics in PRF group at week 6 and 12 was significantly lower than FJB group. (p<0/05) Conclusion: pulsed radiofrequency has short-term acceptable outcomes in comparison with facet joint nerve block, regarding pain recovery and ability.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {39-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {SeyedSajadRazavi4,ElahehEhsanpour5, SeyedMasoud Hashemi 1, Behnam Hosseini2, Sirous Momenzade3,}, title = {Complications of Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block In Patients Suffering From Chronic Pain}, abstract ={Background and aims: Stellate ganglion is a sympathic ganglion in the neck area which by effective blocking a lot of chronic pain syndromes at upper limbs, head, neck and chest can be treated. In this study, results of ultrasound-guided Stellate ganglion block in 44 patients have been reviewed. Methods and material: in this descriptive study, 44 patients candidate for stellate ganglion block due to chronic pain, block was done with bupivacaine 0/5% on level of C-6 tubercle under sonographic guide. Successful blockage was diagnosed by Horner syndrome and variation in temperature in two hands. Any Complications were recorded.   Findings: among 101 cases which had Stellate ganglion blocking, one had hoarseness, and three cases had cough. But there were no life threatening side effect such as vessel puncture, paresthesia or neuroaxial injection. Conclusion: As a result of using sonography for blocking Stellate ganglion, there are undeviating view of the target tissue, good view for the needle&aposs direction,  good distribution of injected drug, and needing  lesser volume of injected drug and last but not least seeing vital proximal organs. So it seems this technique is an effective and secure one.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {47-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {ArminFateh6, Afsaneh Nourozi1, Shahin fateh2, Houshnag Talebi*1, Alireza Akbari 3, Molouk Roudbarani4, Maryam Kou}, title = {Comparing the Effectiveness of Classic Laryngeal Mask (Lmac) With Streamlined Liner Pharyngeal Airway (SLIPA) In General Anesthesia}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {3}, Number = {3}, pages = {54-0}, publisher = { Iranian Society Of Regional Anesthesia And Pain Medicine}, url = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-30-en.html}, eprint = {http://jap.iums.ac.ir/article-1-30-en.pdf}, journal = {Anesthesiology and Pain}, issn = {2228-6659}, eissn = {2322-3324}, year = {2012} }